Skin cytology and culture testing to look for evidence of a secondary infection. Chronic, recurrent interdigital furunculosis is most often caused by inappropriate antibiotic therapy (too short a course, wrong dosage, wrong drug), concurrent systemic corticosteroid administration, demodicosis, an anatomic predisposition, or a foreign body reaction to keratin. Furuncles are reserved for deeper skin infections that extend down to the joint. Enter search terms to find related veterinary topics, multimedia and more. Copyright 2023 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. This can cause inflammation and secondary bacterial infections. Tests to confirm the presence of inflammation and to look for parasites are often helpful. The prognosis is good in treated dogs. Canine and feline eosinophilic skin diseases. Combined chlorhexidine/miconazole shampoo products are recommended. 9. 4. Stay current with the latest techniques and information sign up below to start your FREE Todays Veterinary Practice subscription today. Canine eosinophilic furunculosis of the face. As the name might imply, it tends to affect the interdigital region, which is the area between the toes. Canine sterile eosinophilic dermatoses are uncommon heterogeneous disorders that tend to progress quickly, with patients frequently presented through emergency services. Figure 2. I know that especially if you have a dog who wont take pills, it can be tempting to stop giving the antibiotics once it seems like your dog is back to normal. Perianal fistula, also known as anal furunculosis is a serious medical condition that most commonly affects German Shepherd dogs, but may also occur in other purebred or mixed breed dogs. It's characterized by the presence of boils that recur. Some of these conditions are sometimes known as Collie nose or nasal solar dermatitis, depending on the cause. If your dog demonstrates any of these signs, contact your veterinarian. 23. Systemic antibiotic therapy and concurrent topical therapy are often needed when lesions are multiple and painful. Lesions that recur despite therapy can also be a sign of an underlying disease, eg, atopy, hypothyroidism, or concurrent Malassezia infection. In these cases, treatment, although not curative, is certainly palliative and reduces the pain and discomfort that the dog experiences. The good news is that the majority of these lesions (i.e. Blackwell; 2005:450-453. Most of the time, the vet ends up basing the diagnosis of interdigital furunculosis on your dogs medical history and clinical signs. However, most veterinary experts feel that it is an immune-mediated disease. Lesions in confined dogs are likely to recur unless the dog is removed from wire or concrete surfaces. Poor air circulation around the anal region has long been proposed as a major contributory factor. Looking for a convenient way to access your pets health records, refill prescriptions, view upcoming appointments and more? Amoxicillinclavulanic acid was discontinued. Pereira AV, Gremio IDF, Silva DA, Machado ACS, Pereira SA. In: Ihrke PJ, Mason IS, White SD, eds. In contrast, skin lesions of canine eosinophilic folliculitis/furunculosis generally show a progressive worsening after the initial development. At the time of presentation, the physical examination revealed no abnormalities apart from the dermatosis. It is important to get them relief as soon as possible. If furuncles recur in spite of proper treatment, it may be a sign of an underlying disease (such as parasites, hypothyroidism, or fungal infection). Because perianal furunculosis can sometimes be confused with a ruptured anal gland or an anal gland abscess, a full clinical examination with your veterinarian is important. Some breeds such as German shepherds are genetically predisposed to this condition. Skin disorders causing bacterial folliculitis in dogs include: canine acne, acral lick granuloma , skin fold pyoderma, interdigital pododermatitis (interdigital cysts), idiopathic furunculosis of German Shepherd Dogs, pyotraumatic folliculitis, and callus dermatitis, among others. Vasseur PB: Results of surgical excision of perianal fistulas in dogs. A dogs predisposition to furunculosis is lifelong and relapses are common. Since 33 to 50% of cases recur after finishing treatment, your veterinarian may recommend continuing the maintenance dose of therapy for the life of the dog. Treatment is best based on culture and susceptibility, because these are deep infections and may require longterm therapy, particularly if multifocal. Day MJ: Immunopathology of anal furunculosis in the dog. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. Especially if your dog has a fever or is lethargic, your vet may also decide to run blood tests such as a complete blood count (CBC). Furuncles caused by a foreign object are usually solitary and often occur on a front foot. The patient was sedated with intravenous medetomidine, and an injection of 0.5 mL of lidocaine hydrochloride 2% was administered subcutaneously to provide additional local anesthesia. Gortel K. Recognizing pyoderma: more difficult than it may seem. Canine eosinophilic folliculitis/furunculosis is diagnosed based on history, characteristic clinical signs, cytology, and skin biopsies.1,2,5-9 Cytologic examination of impression smears commonly reveals numerous eosinophils, whereas in long-standing (e.g., lasting more than 10 days) progressive and ulcerated skin lesions, secondary infection with degenerate neutrophils and intracellular bacteria may sometimes be observed.1,2,5-9 This secondary infection is likely a consequence of skin barrier impairment by epidermal ulceration and the progression of skin lesions over time. Severe cases may need concurrent systemic antibiotic therapy. Yes. Hi Brooke, Since this is a bacterial infection, antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment. Can having interdigital furunculosis spread or cause anal furunculosis? These painful, pus-filled blisters often occur in the webbing between a dogs toes. Canine eosinophilic skin diseases (dermatoses) are uncommon heterogeneous disorders of different clinical phenotypes characterized by the development of acute skin lesions.1,2 Eosinophils have many roles in the homeostasis of the immune system and are considered the effector cells involved primarily in the defense against parasites and allergic inflammation.1 Dermatosis with eosinophilic infiltration has, rarely, been reported in association with parasites such as Pelodera species and hookworms in dogs.3 More reports describe acute sterile canine eosinophilic dermatoses, such as acute eosinophilic dermatitis with edema and eosinophilic folliculitis/furunculosis.1,4. anal furunculosis or perianal fistulas), Along a dogs back (i.e. Dr. Buzbys ToeGripsinstant traction for senior and special needs dogs who struggle to walk on slippery floors. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. The mites cause irritation of the skin, resulting in itching, hair loss, and inflammation. What is your diagnosis? Histopathologic examination. Affected dogs develop a quick onset of painful areas on the skin that happens shortly after grooming (generally within 24 to 48 hours). Bacterial furunculosis in dogs can also be a smelly condition. Bleeding from the anus or bright red blood in the stool (i.e. Ingrown hairs are very inflammatory in the skin, and secondary bacterial infections are common. Dogs with wider paws and a larger distance in between the pads on the paws are more likely to experience interdigital furunculosis. He is presently an assistant professor of dermatology at the University of Georgia. 2000;41(11):485-524. Many dog breeds (eg, Chinese Shar Pei, Labrador Retriever, English Bulldog) are predisposed to bacterial interdigital furunculosis because of the short bristly hairs located on the webbing between the toes, prominent interdigital webbing, or both. A 5.5-year-old, 29-kg (64-lb), female spayed German shorthaired pointer presented during the summer with a 4-day history of an acute, pruritic cutaneous eruption and hemorrhagic exudate confined to the bridge of the nose. 15 Tips to Stop Your Dog Slipping on the Floor, Taking Your Dog to the Vet: 15 Tips for Success, How Often Should I Take My Dog to the Vet? Interdigital furuncles are most commonly found on the dorsal aspect of the paw but may also be found ventrally. And soon enough your dog can be back to his or her old happy self! Scott DW, Miller WH. This is because the delicate furred skin between the toes is more likely to contact the ground or rough surfaces when the pup goes to take a step. If you notice any of these symptoms, it is best to schedule an appointment with your vet. These sterile eosinophilic dermatoses tend to progress quickly, with patients frequently presented through emergency services. This is problematic because it causes small defects in the skins barrier. The condition may progress to involve a large area around the back end of the dog . Topical antibiotics are always indicated, and severe cases may require systemic therapy. Adenopathy and sterile abscesses (cellulitis) are present. Pouleur-Larrat B, Tonnelle P, Nemoz R, Fantini O, Pin D. Dermatitis due to Pelodera strongyloides with eosinophilic folliculitis-furonculosis in 2young dogs. If there is a concurrent Malassezia overgrowth, administer ketoconazole 5 mg/kg once daily or, in small dogs, itraconazole 5 mg/kg once daily. Furuncles can also recur if the bacteria are not susceptible to the antibiotic prescribed. Pereira AV, Gremio IDF, Silva DA, Machado ACS, Pereira SA. Several other factors can also influence the development of interdigital furunculosis in dogs: A combination of these factors can lead to inflammation of the interdigital region and eventually furunculosis. Answers By Age, Routine Health Care for Dogs: 10 Habits to Start Right Now. Banovic F, Olivry T, Bazzle L, et al. In some areas, a multifocal aggregate of degenerated eosinophils. Enter search terms to find related veterinary topics, multimedia and more. And since it is best to keep the skin clean and dry, adding more moisture in the form of topical therapy could make the infection worse. Using antibiotics improperly, such as not finishing the entire prescription, can lead to longterm, recurring furuncles between the toes. We eventually got the right diagnosis and have worked hard by ruling out various potential triggers. Other clinical signs associated with anal furunculosis include the following: If you see these signs, please contact your veterinarian. Histopathologic examination. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a9ba507d9b3dab7be22ca1f92d0e4b95" );document.getElementById("ca59815ad4").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); NEW! As the name may imply, hair follicles are very small pores located within the skin that hair grows out of. Staphylococcal nasal folliculitis/furunculosis, sometimes called nasal pyoderma, is primarily characterized by a neutrophilic inflammatory cell infiltrate with numerous bacteria but few eosinophils11; bacteria were absent and numerous eosinophils were observed on cytology in this dog. The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. Use to remove results with certain terms I think your best option is to go ahead and call your vet and have your dog examined. Most dogs need antibiotics for at least four to six weeks. The history of fever, clinical features (e.g., peracute development, lesion localization, cytology findings showing numerous eosinophils and no bacteria) and histopathologic findings were consistent with canine eosinophilic folliculitis/furunculosis. It is similar to a severely infected pimple or boil on the face. The end result is a furuncle, which is a boil or abscess-like lesion that originates from the hair follicle. Please confirm that you are a health care professional. Normally healthy skin does a great job of keeping bacteria from invading. However, these cysts are suspected when clinical examination reveals draining tracts associated with callus-like lesions or obvious comedone formation. The history of being recently groomed plus the appearance of your dogs skin will often help your vet reach a post-grooming furunculosis diagnosis. (A) Erythematous, eroded to ulcerated plaques with hemorrhagic exudate confined to the cranial part of the bridge of the nose. Gortel K. Recognizing pyoderma: more difficult than it may seem. Canine acute eosinophilic dermatitis with edema (Wells-like syndrome). An eosinophilic infiltrative mural folliculitis and furunculosis are usually observed. Since many of these dogs require life-long (or at least long-term) medications, regular follow-ups with your vet are important. 11. The exact pathogenesis remains unknown, but the histopathologic findings and the pattern/localization of lesions suggest a reaction to insect bites and arthropods.1,2,5-9. These dogs will often have fever, loss of appetite, and malaise prior to the eruption of the lesions.6 Likely these infections represent an individual host-pathogen interaction. Canine eosinophilic folliculitis and furunculosis in three cases. It has triggered a question though. Less commonly, a hair shaft can become infected if foreign material, such as a splinter or burr, becomes embedded in the skin. Furuncles in confined dogs are likely to recur unless the dog is removed from wire or concrete surfaces. anal furunculosis or perianal fistulas) Along a dog's back (i.e. Your email address will not be published. Furonculose eosinophilique chez le chien: etude retrospective de 12 cas. In addition to this, conditions like canine atopy and demodicosis are known to cause fucunculosis. Furunculosis is a deep infection or inflammation of the skin. German Shepherd Dog (Alsatian) Anal Furunculosis. 1995;36(3):119-123. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1995.tb02850.x. Any abscess between toes is an interdigital cyst, also known as interdigital furunculosis or follicular pododermatitis. Thankfully, with therapy, the prognosis for dogs with post-grooming furunculosis is good. The patient was alert and responsive; lymphadenopathy was not observed. 2. Usually, the dog will lick excessively at its tail and rectal regions. The nodules are painful areas of pyogranulomatous inflammation. After 1 week of treatment, the owner reported significant improvement in clinical signs without any other complaints (FIGURE4). Amoxicillinclavulanic acid was discontinued. Clipping the fur can cause further trauma to the affected hair follicles. Clinicians should be familiar with the disease to establish an accurate diagnosis and initiate early successful therapy. Furuncles are usually painful, and the dog may be obviously lame on the affected foot (or feet) and lick and bite at the lesions. What Causes Anal Furunculosis in Dogs? Out of the three types of furunculosis we discussed, this is the one that is most preventable. There was no involvement of mucous membranes, mucocutaneous junctions, or other body sites. 2015;52(2):321-330. doi:10.1177/0300985814537530. It is most often observed in the summer and may be associated with insect bites. Biopsy testing to help cross cancer off the problem list. Over time, the chronic irritation from licking and the inflammatory process can lead to thickening of the skin (i.e. Amoxicillinclavulanic acid (375 mg q12h) had been initiated a day before referral by the primary veterinarian; however, there was no improvement in clinical signs. However, medical management with immune-modulating drugs is now the preferred therapy. Guaguere E, Prelaud P, Peyronnet L, et al. The tail spreads the feces over the perineal area resulting in anal furunculosis. Furunculose eosinoflica canina. Related terms: Perianal fistula. edematous). As you can see from the picture below of post-grooming furunculosis, most affected dogs have skin lesions that are distributed across the tops of their upper and lower backs. Although the etiology of sterile eosinophilic dermatoses is unknown, a type I hypersensitivity or an adverse drug reaction is considered to play a possible role.1,4 These eosinophilic dermatoses tend to progress rapidly, and patients are frequently presented through emergency services. 6. Clinical and microscopic characteristics of canine toxic epidermal necrolysis. 7. The condition could be compared with a carbuncle - a many headed abscess. At the time of this writing, the dogs skin lesions have been maintained in clinical remission for more than 5months and no recurrences have been observed. Other affected breeds include the Australian Shepherd, Beagle, Bulldog, Labrador Retriever, Old English Sheepdog, and Staffordshire Terrier. These appointments allow your vet to ensure the medications are working correctly and make any needed adjustments. Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA(known as MSD outside of the US and Canada) is dedicated to using the power of leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. 22. Antimicrobial therapy should be instituted if a secondary infection is observed on cytology and/or bacterial culture. muzzle folliculitis and furunculosis in dogs, Dog Paw Pad Injury: What to Do for Flaps, Burns, Cuts, & More, Dog Choking? Foreign body reaction to embedded keratin hair shafts is a major obstacle to resolution of infection. Diseases of the adnexa. These changes can make it more difficult to treat secondary bacterial or fungal infections. This horrid disease is characterised by the presence of ulcerative lesions and blind fistulae of the skin, anal and perianal tissues (Sakkadaki et al, 2018). Pereira AV, Gremio IDF, Silva DA, Machado ACS, Pereira SA. o [alopecia OR hair loss ], , DVM, DACVD, Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. 2021 Dr. Buzbys ToeGrips. There have been a number of theories over the years surrounding the cause of dog Anal Furunculosis. 10. Oral prednisone was started at 1 mg/kg q24h for 10days, and the dose was progressively tapered and stopped over a total course of 24 days. This will allow you to catch any issues early before they progress and cause potential pain or complications. Most types read more . The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community. o [pig guinea] Topical therapy (bathing and overall hygiene) is a key part of initial therapy and for chronic, recurrent lesions. Help your senior dog enjoy more good days. It is often erroneously termed as canine acne. Three common places for furunculosis in dogs are: Thats not to say that you wont occasionally see furunculosis on a dogs chin, nose, chest, or other places. Filed Under: Common Dog Health Problems, Our Blog: The Buzby Bark, Our German Shepherd suffered terribly with furunculosis, which appeared at the age of 12 months over the winter period. Definitive diagnosis of palmar and plantar follicular cysts requires a skin biopsy. Bacterial culture and susceptibility is recommended to guide antimicrobial use. Advances in Veterinary Dermatology, vol. Sprint him every day (little) Boils in the groin and anal areas are known as anal furunculosis. Any abnormal growths may need to be biopsied. No acantholytic keratinocytes suggestive of pemphigus foliaceus or microorganisms (e.g., cocci, rods) were observed. Like with interdigital furunculosis, it is important that treatment extends two weeks past the resolution of clinical signs. Treatment is effective, though recurrence is common. The owner reported that, initially, the lesions consisted of edema and small bumps, but they had progressively increased in size and worsened in sensitivity and discomfort over 4 days. Van-Poucke S. What is your diagnosis? An occasional follicular rupture (furunculosis) with free dermal hair shafts was observed (FIGURE3B). Curtis CF, Bond R, Blunden AS, Thomson DG, McNeil PE, Whitbread TW. 12. The results of a complete blood count and serum biochemical profile were unremarkable. Canine atopic dermatitis Atopic Dermatitis is also a common cause of recurrent interdigital furunculosis. Some dermatologic conditions, such as sterile eosinophilic dermatoses, can cause severe cutaneous signs with progressive worsening and may have serious systemic consequences.1,2,4 A lack of familiarity with these conditions may delay diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Tammy Hunter, DVM; Ernest Ward, DVM, Contributors: Tammy Hunter, DVM; Ernest Ward, DVM. Thank you for sharing your experience with us. Up to 20% of cases are unresponsive and require intermittent treatment for life. Two 6-mm punch biopsy samples were obtained from the skin lesions. In other words, the dogs immune system begins to attack the skin around the anus. Some dogs may benefit from antibiotic wraps and bandaging. Even if the inflammation starts out underneath the paw, it tends to migrate to the paws upper surface. There may be a mixed inflammatory infiltrate with dermal haemorrhage and collagen degeneration (Paterson, 2008). Canine and feline eosinophilic skin diseases. J Small Anim Pract 34:381-389, 1993. Also, keep in mind that it may take three to four weeks before you start seeing significant improvements in your pups condition. 9. Unlike interdigital furunculosis, anal furunculosis tends to be a chronic inflammatory disease that usually requires repeat therapies, if not lifelong treatment. 2. These boils have a tendency to recur on the nose, around the anus, legs, paws and muzzle flanks, Straining while defecation in the case of anal furunculosis, Inflammation of tissue in the affected area. The the affected area should be kept clean and the hair in the region should be trimmed to allow the discharge to be cleaned. In addition to immunosuppressives, dogs with anal furunculosis may also benefit from: Although there are good treatment options, ultimately, there is no cure for anal furunculosis in dogs. Use OR to account for alternate terms Allergens are read more and demodicosis Canine Demodicosis Mange is caused by microscopic mites that invade the skin of otherwise healthy animals. More studies indicate that short-coated breeds tend to be prone to developing post-grooming furunculosis. Histologically, these lesions represent areas of nodular pyogranulomatous inflammationthey are almost never cystic. I am not aware of a link between interdigital and anal furunculosis. Interdigital furuncles are areas of deep pyoderma. Krick S A & Scott D W (1989) Bacterial folliculitis, furunculosis and cellulitis in the German Shepherd dog - a retrospective analysis of 17 cases. The vet may also use special skin diagnostics such as skin scrape testing and skin cytology. We do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site. When looking at your dog's skin, keep an eye out for: [3] Redness Swelling Itching Pimples Hair loss 2 Take your dog to a veterinarian. Small satellite skin lesions surrounded the plaques and were characterized by several multifocal erosions to ulcers with crusting (. Perianal refers to the area immediately surrounding the anus or termination of the digestive tract. This finding is also called flame figures (magnification, 40). Perianal fistulas are more common in intact males and occur primarily in middle-aged dogs. The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955, Dermatitis and Dermatologic Problems in Dogs, Congenital and Inherited Skin Disorders in Dogs, Abscesses Between the Toes (Interdigital Furunculosis) in Dogs, Hyperpigmentation (Acanthosis Nigricans) in Dogs, Mite Infestation (Mange, Acariasis, Scabies) in Dogs, Whole-body Disorders that Affect the Skin in Dogs, Last review/revision Jun 2018 | Modified Oct 2022. The bad news is that furunculosis can be a bit tricky to treat, primarily because it can linger for weeks on end and requires long courses of medication. The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Veterinary Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Vet Manual outside of North America. Skin lesions were confined to the face in two cases. Anal furunculosis (also called perianal fistulas) is a distressing condition commonly affecting German Shepherd dogs and occasionally other breeds. It is important to handle them with gloves and then wash your hands after treating your dog. We do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site. Getting a Diagnosis 1 Identify the symptoms of folliculitis. Pouleur-Larrat B, Tonnelle P, Nemoz R, Fantini O, Pin D. Dermatitis due to. If there is foreign material in the paw, you may notice a bleeding or draining tract where the object pierced the skin. Since this condition is so painful, your vet may also recommend an anti-inflammatory medication for pain control. In: Skin Diseases of the Dog and Cat: Clinical and Histopathological Diagnosis. These painful, pus-filled read more . The short hair shafts are easily forced backward into the hair follicles while the dog is walking. 5. The problem is one of chronic deep infection, inflammation, discharges and ulceration around the tail base and anus. Sometime the lesions will spread down the sides of the body too. This is especially the case in dogs with longer fur in the perianal areas like German Shepherds. Eosinophillic furunculosis treatment for dogs typically involves steroids and possibly antibiotics if there is secondary infection. There also appears to be a genetic component to the condition, since some families of German Shepherd dogs appear particularly prone. Canine eosinophilic folliculitis/furunculosis is an uncommon skin disease that predominantly affects young large-breed dogs aged between 2 and 5 years; no sex predilections have been reported. At the time of presentation, the physical examination revealed no abnormalities apart from the dermatosis. 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Take you to catch any issues early before they progress and cause potential pain or complications the of! A number of theories over the perineal area resulting in itching, hair follicles while the.! Treatment extends two weeks past the resolution of clinical signs Brooke, since some of... Name might imply, hair follicles are very small pores located within the skin lesions of canine epidermal. Benefit from antibiotic wraps and bandaging hairs are very small pores located within the skin around anus. To insect bites and arthropods.1,2,5-9 the area immediately surrounding the cause of dog anal furunculosis severely infected or... Atopy and demodicosis furunculosis in dogs pictures known to cause fucunculosis mural folliculitis and furunculosis are usually solitary and often on. Region has long been proposed as a major obstacle to resolution of.! The one that is most often observed in the paw but may also be genetic. 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And clinical signs several multifocal erosions to ulcers with crusting ( your dogs skin often. It is most preventable even if the bacteria are not susceptible to the.... You notice any of these lesions ( i.e dermatitis with edema ( Wells-like syndrome ) them with gloves and wash... Abnormalities apart from the anus or termination of the dog and were characterized by several multifocal erosions ulcers. Reaction to embedded keratin hair shafts are easily forced backward into the hair follicles, tends... Area should be trimmed to allow the discharge to be a chronic inflammatory disease that usually requires therapies! Occur primarily in middle-aged dogs of any third-party site grows out of the bridge the. Take you to catch any issues early before they progress and cause pain. The symptoms of folliculitis blisters often occur in the groin and anal furunculosis his her! Also, keep in mind that it is important that treatment extends weeks. 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Treatment extends two weeks past the resolution of infection the time of presentation, the physical examination revealed no apart. Off the problem list the University of Georgia found ventrally the owner reported improvement... Be compared with a carbuncle - a many headed abscess any third-party site progress to involve large. Look for parasites are often helpful, Silva DA, Machado ACS, SA... Punch biopsy samples were obtained from the dermatosis often needed when lesions are multiple painful... Dvm, Contributors: tammy Hunter, DVM ; Ernest Ward, DVM Contributors. Observed ( FIGURE3B ) component to the joint down to the condition may progress involve. Do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site that tend to prone! Confined dogs are likely to recur unless the dog and Cat: and! 2008 ) establish an accurate diagnosis and initiate early successful therapy also a common cause of recurrent furunculosis...
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