The lake level has dropped about one foot per day in the last six days. The water level is rising faster again with a 38-cm increase in the last 48 hours, but the temperature at the lake edge remains steady at 82C. The temperature was 46C on 7 May and 41C on 11 May. However, the rate of extrusion continued to decrease; the late August-late September rate was an order of magnitude less than peak values observed in mid-May. In the period from 8 to 14 December only three events have been positively identified as local earthquakes. - 1718 Mar 29 Scientists at NCAR, Kyushu University, and other institutions, will search at higher latitudes for stratospheric aerosols from this event. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility. The VAAC reported that ash plumes rose to 12.2-16 km altitude throughout the day and continued to drift long distances to the ENE, E, and SE. Information Contacts: Card 1364 (07 March 1972) John F. Tomblin, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. . The largest event was registered as a Mw 3.5 at 0920 and was felt by local residents. A report on 6 February stated that the dome continued to spread laterally N and S, with N as the dominant growth direction. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Some daily earthquakes were recorded during 7-15 June. Two seismic stations were installed on the flank of the volcano at Wallibou (SVV) and at the summit (SSVA) on 6 and 18 January, respectively. Eruptions, eruption precursors and related phenomena in the Lesser Antilles. Both the 1979 and 1902 explosive eruption cycles at La Soufrire were quite significant, ranking. The eastern edge of the gas plume reached about 4,700 km to the W coast of Africa by 12 April, and another 2,000 km inland to Mali and Niger on 13 April. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). In addition, 40-60 minor seismic events are being reported every 24 hours by high-gain seismographs close to the crater rim. Sigurdsson and Baker went boating on the crater lake on 21 December and carried out a series of bathymetric soundings along a profile from the S shoreline towards the island (table 2). Save up to 40% off the cover price when you subscribe to Discover magazine. Scientists observed the western coastline later in the day and noted that pyroclastic flows had descended all valleys from Larikai (W) to Wallibou, a stretch about 5 km long. Both the 1979 and 1902 explosive eruption cycles at La Soufrire were quite significant, ranking VEI 3 and 4 respectively. of East Anglia. Max VEI: 4, 1814 Jan 9 - 1814 Jan 9 At 1135 a band of seismic tremor, associated with an explosion, was recorded, though the emissions were gas-rich and less energetic. Table 3. . Explosions early on 11 April were followed by widespread power and water outages on the island as reported by NEMO, and some houses had collapsed under the significant ashfall. Those eruptions lasted months, so if this cycle is similar, people may need to stay away from the volcano (and their homes) for quite a long time. Some of these explosions breach the surface of the lake near the island as areas of boiling water, and are followed by the spread of a red-brown stain which probably consists of stirred-up sediments from the lake bottom. Paper presented at the Workshop on Volcanic and Seismic Hazards in the eastern Caribbean, May 28- June 1, 2001, 57 p. There is data available for 22 confirmed Holocene eruptive periods. The lake level has been dropping; it dropped a couple of feet in the last three days. Gas emissions were most notable from a small circular depression at the top of the dome. Deformation studies on Soufriere, St. Vincent, between 1977 and 1981. Nature, 282 (5734), 2428. Explosions and pyroclastic flows were reported on 13 April, as well as lahars in the Sandy Bay area. Almorales, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. This is the first explosive eruption at La Soufrire since 1979, although lava has been erupting at the summit since late December 2020. Seismic data are transmitted from field sites to the Belmont Observatory (9 km SSW), which is operated by the SMU (figure 4). . Soufrire St. Vincent is monitored by the SRC assisted by the Soufrire Monitoring Unit (SMU) from the Ministry of Agriculture in Kingstown. This indicates that the activity has now shifted almost entirely to the N end of the lava island. Daily satellite-based sulfur dioxide measurements were notable beginning on 9 April. An explosive eruption began at 0840 on 9 April when an ash plume rose to 8 km (27,900 ft) a.s.l. A thermal hotspot in the crater was also detected that day using satellite data by NASA FIRMS. Observations at the crater will continue until a state of normalcy has been established.". 1h 11m ago distance 2.9 mi. Box 1517, Castries, Saint Lucia, West Indies (URL: http://nemo.gov.lc/); MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity), a collaborative project between the Universities of Turin and Florence (Italy) supported by the Centre for Volcanic Risk of the Italian Civil Protection Department (URL: http://www.mirovaweb.it/); Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP) - MODVOLC Thermal Alerts System, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), Univ. La Soufrire, the highest peak on the Caribbean island of St. Vincent, began to explosively erupt Friday morning, forcing thousands to evacuate as ash and smoke filled the sky. The increased scent of sulfur in towns was attributed to a southward shift in wind direction towards the towns, rather than the usual E direction. Harmonic tremor continued to saturate the instruments from 2200 on 12 April through 1600 on 14 April. Ash is falling on many communities on northern half of the island. A Long Way Still to Go to Create Representative Volcanology, 5 Scientific Assumptions That are Surprisingly New. Trees brought down by lahars were swept to the sea; floating logs created hazardous conditions for small boats along the coastline. Confirmed Eruption, 2020 BCE 75 years 2022: March Information Contacts: Card 1388 (02 May 1972) J.B. Shepherd and W.P. The observers noted that the small black-colored dome had grown on the WSW edge of the 1979 lava dome. Recorded eruptions date back to 1718, with notable eruptions occurring in 1812, 1902, and 1979. Fresh, hot material is also visible surrounding the thermal anomaly, which demonstrates the growth of the lava dome over time. Between 21 August and 23 September, the mean diameter of the lava body grew from 832 m to 840 m, covering about 60% of the crater floor, and its maximum height increased 1 m to 131 m. Its volume was calculated at 37.6 x 106 m3. Scientists Have Fully Sequenced the DNA of a Pompeii Victim for the First Time, Mississippi Tornado Scoured the Land so Violently it Left a Scar That's Visible From Space. The greatest heights on the eastern and northern summits are 196 and 211 feet, respectively. "[SRU] . Pyroclastic flows traveled about 6 km WSW, reached the ocean at Wallibou Bay, and extended past the coastline over the sea. The Soufrire has now been in eruption for over four months and has comfortably exceeded this initial period of high uncertainty. Live Volcano Webcams. Pyroclastic flows were generated early in the eruption and traveled down the W flank, reaching the sea within five minutes. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Seismicity dropped to low levels after the explosive event and remained at low levels through 27 April; only a few LP, hybrid and VT earthquakes were recorded. Seismicity ended almost completely at about 0300 on 29 April. doi:10.1038/282024a0. This land mass is 50-feet in height at the highest point as of 28 November, and the area covered by this larger island is over 100 m in diameter. Play. Gas data analysis conducted during a field visit showed that sulfur dioxide emissions were first detected on 1 February, suggesting that ground water was drying up and no longer interacting with the gas species. | March University of the West Indies Seismic Research Centre (UWI-SRC) reported that seismicity at Soufrire St. Vincent (often simply referred to as La Soufriere) remained low during 28 April-4 May, with a few long-period, hybrid, and volcano-tectonic earthquakes recorded daily. We determined very early on that nothing serious was happening, since we have seismic stations both on the volcano and throughout the island [figure 3], none of which had recorded any increased seismicity. Naples - Mount Vesuv. The first historical eruption took place in 1718; it and the 1812 eruption produced major explosions. Newsletter. Sorrento - Mount Ves. Information Contacts: Card 1350 (03 February 1972) John F. Tomblin, Seismic Research Unit, University of the West Indies. This sparked fears among the population that volcanic activity had increased at Soufriere St. Vincent. There is data available for 3 deformation periods. Five long-period earthquakes and two brief swarms of VT events occurred in between the tremor episodes; ash venting occurred with the last episode. Volcanologists monitoring the volcano will need to see if the new magma erupting is more gas rich, and thus more explosive, to try to understand how this eruption might progress. Steam-and-gas plumes rose from a few areas inside the crater and thermal anomalies persisted. | April Scientists visited on 16 January and recorded temperatures of 590C at the dome surface (figure 12). Further, we had just completed a GPS campaign on the island during January 2005, which revealed nothing unusual. The eruption continues as before. Resulting pyroclastic flows traveled about 6 km WSW. Gas-and-steam continued to rise from the top of the dome as well as along the contact of the old and new domes. Loss of life was recorded in the 1812 and 1902-03 eruptions when 56 persons died in 1812 and over 1500 in 1902-03. UWI-SRC and the National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO) both warned the public to stay away from drainages and areas prone to flooding, and noted that lahars have caused notable erosion and damage to drainages and parts of the coastline. Updated measurements were taken of the new crater, by 17 April according to an Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris scientist. UNTV News and Rescue This writer concludes that the explosiveness of Soufrire magmas is a function of gas, not silica content, there being no direct relationship between these two components. The height of the lava dome has increased by an average of about 1.5 ft/day and the lake water has continued to drop at a mean of 9 in/day. A hot avalanche from one of the earlier explosions traveled 2.5 km SE from the summit, down the Rabacca Valley, and the 17 April explosion produced numerous hot avalanches that moved down several valleys on the flanks of the cone. The next evening, the NASA aircraft's lidar detected significant quantities of ejecta in the stratosphere, in patches 0.5-3 km thick with a base altitude of about 18.7 km. . During 17 and 18 April the average SO2 flux was 232 and 391 tons/day, respectively. Basse-Terre North-East: La Soufriere Volcano. Volcanologists monitoring the volcano will need to see if the new magma erupting is more gas rich, and thus more explosive, to try to understand how this eruption might progress. Information Contacts: H.J. During that time the dome grew and expanded to the W, produced small, hot rockfalls, had a blocky appearance, and continued to emit gasses and steam. The water level is decreasing at an average rate of 1.5 inches/day, as evaporation over the crater lake continues. Small seismic events continued to be recorded by the summit seismograph. Widespread sulfurous odors and haze during mid-February 2005 on the island of St. Vincent and as far as the Grenadines (50-75 km S) led some people to conclude that the smells reflected increased output of volcanic gases from the Soufrire volcano, St. Vincent, a possible harbinger of an eruption. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). The fact that many of these populated islands are dominated by volcanoes means they can be especially perilous when these volcanoes rumble back to life. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). The largest avalanche flowed down the Larikai River valley (figure 1) at noon on 14 April and continued beyond the mouth of the river (3 km W of the crater) several kilometers out to sea. Magmagenesis at Soufriere volcano, St Vincent, Lesser Antilles Arc. Max VEI: 3, 1971 Oct 4 6 days - 1972 Mar 20 A team from Guadeloupe's volcanological observatory measured a temperature of 239C from the fumaroles in late May, and collected samples from the dome. Steam frequently rose slightly above the crater rim. Card 1400 (09 June 1972) Water temperatures and level stabilize. No lava has been extruded into Soufrire's central crater since the survey of 25 October. to the east from the island towards Barbados and has reached 20,000 feet. This stream is at a temperature of 25C and the Falls of Baleine at 23C. Lahar deposits were observed in the Sandy Bay area. About 28,000 people were killed by glowing avalanches of hot ash, which raced, at speeds estimated at 150 kilometers per hour, through the city of St. Pierre. Earthquake swarms were recorded during 22-25 March and 5 April, signifying a change in the eruption pattern. Confirmed Eruption A sample of the new dome collected by John Tomblin in mid-May was described in hand specimen as a basaltic andesite, similar to the 1971 dome. Water level is dropping at a slower rate than before 7 March, when the daily drop was 9 inches on the average. Vegetation on the NW part of the crater (N of the dome) was damaged, likely due to fire. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, Ser A, 200: 353-553. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1903.0010, Heath E, Macdonald R, Belkin H, Hawkesworth C, Sigurdsson H, 1998. Anomalous winds spread sulfurous odors, causing unwarranted fears. MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity) analysis of MODIS satellite data shows the beginning of thermal activity in late December 2020 and continuing at a lower power into early February (figure 15). Persistent gas-and-steam emissions were observed rising above the dome, as well as from the contact between the 2020/21 and 1979 domes during the rest of the month and through February. On 26 March the period of elevated VT earthquakes stopped; only small, low frequency events associated with the growth of the lava dome were recorded. After 23 December a total of eight events were detected before seismicity briefly subsided. La Soufriere Volcano, which erupted in 1718, 1812, 1902, and 1979, lies to the south on the island of St. Vincent. Sentinel-2 infrared satellite imagery detected some of this thermal activity during late March and April in the summit crater, though visibility was not entirely clear due to clouds (figure 35). The highest point on the island maintained its height of 226 feet relative to the 3 November datum. The crater itself lies on the SW margin of a larger 2.2-km-wide caldera, which is breached widely to the SW as a result of slope failure. Sulfur dioxide emissions were again measured from the W coast, yielding a flux of 460 tons per day. The VAAC stated that a dense ash plume rose to 11 km altitude and drifted E, SE, N, and NE (figure 27). Lamb, H.H., 1970, Volcanic dust in the atmosphere: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series A, v. 266, no. The amount of tephra produced by the current eruption is about two orders of magnitude less than in 1902. . Scientists determined that typical winds diminish the sulfurous odors over much of the island, and the onset of the odors resulted from changes in wind patterns rather than increased gas output or other demonstrable changes. The highest point on the island is still 226 feet relative to the 3 November datum. Major explosive eruption; 17,000 evacuated. The Alert Level remained at Orange (the second highest level on a four-color scale). Activity during March 2021. Another large explosion was detected at 2300, according to UWI-SRC. Data is the average of three determinations; analysis was done by the U.S. Geological Survey. Roobol M J, Wright J V, Smith A L, 1983. The volcano, known as La Soufrire, on the northern tip of the main island of St. Vincent, in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, had started showing signs of renewed activity in late December. Courtesy of the Seismic Research Unit. Five long-period (LP) earthquakes and two brief swarms of VT events were detected between the tremor episodes; ash venting was also observed during the last episode. Card 1370 (28 March 1972) H.J. Source: National Emergency Management Organisation (NEMO), Government of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. NEMO reported that 12,775 people were displaced by 19 April, with 6,208 people in 85 public shelters and 6,567 people (1,800 families) in private shelters. During the period 13-26 May 1972, the situation at the crater continued along the lines stated in the last report. Information Contacts: R. Fiske, SI; H. Sigurdsson, Univ. Damage to vegetation was extensive along the W coast, stretching from Larikai Bay to Turner Bay. Table 4. Thousands flee Caribbean volcano. La Soufrire is one of the most active volcanoes in the Lesser Antilles and has a long history of eruptions with the historical records showing eruptions in 1718, 1812, 1814, 1902-1903, 1971-72 and 1979. Dozens of individuals have been . Soufrire St. Vincent (also referred to as "La Soufrire") is the northernmost stratovolcano on St. Vincent Island in the southern part of the Lesser Antilles. 2020 Dec 27 - 2021 Apr 22 Chemical analysis of Soufriere St. Vincent samples from the island in the crater lake collected on 13 December 1971. Max VEI: 4, 1979 Apr 13 - 1979 Oct 26 5 days Nous nous rservons le droit de bloquer, de supprimer et de modifier des commentaires dont les contenus sont illgaux ou considrs comme insultants. Robertson R E A, 1995. With the exception of a 20-minute period of tremor during the night of 29-30 April, the volcano has remained seismically quiet through early 3 May. The zone of destruction from the 1902 eruption (N of the Wallibou and Rabacca Rivers) remains partially evacuated. The ash plume from La Soufriere on St. Vincent on April 9, 2021. Courtesy of John Tomblin, UWI. Click on the index link or scroll down to read the reports. Basse Terre North East: La Soufriere Volcano is a live webcam located in the destination of Gourbeyre, Guadeloupe. Remarks: Soufriere, St. Vincent gradually inflated at least 10 microradians prior to the April 1979 eruption. During a field visit on 1 February scientists observed that gas-and-steam continued to rise from the top of the dome as well as along the contact of the old and new domes. Webcam view of the lava dome at La Soufriere on St. Vincent on April 8, 2021. Credit: University of the West Indies. 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