Benin art, which began to flourish in the 15th century, was characterized by naturalistic bronze sculptures and bronze door panels that covered the outside of the royal palace. Its neighbours are Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon. Nigeria Facts 1. Darego has worked with top brands such as Avon, Christian Dior, Sephora, Target, and Macy’s and appeared in world famous magazines such as Elle, Marie Claire, Allure, Trace, Stitch, Cosmopolitan, and Essence. 1851 – Treaty Between Great Britain and Lagos. Ellah, Francis J. Ali-Ogba: A History of the Ogba People, 1995. In total that year, Nigeria won two Gold medals, one silver medal, and three bronze medals. While English is the official language, there are over 500 indigenous languages in Nigeria. Notable in the south were the Yoruba states of Ife and Oyo, the Edo state of Benin, the Itsekiri state of Warri, the Efik state of Calabar, and the Ijo (Ijaw) city-states of Nembe, Elem Kalabari, Bonny, and Okrika. By the 12th century they had been compelled by attacks from the Sao to move their capital to the region west of Lake Chad, and they gradually lost control of most of the original Kanem. 100 Interesting Brief Facts about Nigeria Nigeria is officially called the Federal Republic of Nigeria Nigeria is the most populous black nation in the world with over 170 million people The country is also the 7 th most populous nation in the world. Fact About Nigeria Geography. The selection of the monarch, the coronation rites, and other bases of royal authority were dictated by pre-Islamic beliefs. Smaller kingdoms included those of the Igala, Nupe, and Ebira. The GDP of Nigeria is $481.1 billion. Ife is best known for its potsherd pavements and for the great artistry of its terra-cottas and bronzes, especially the naturalism of many of its bronze figures. 3. Modern facts Nigerians are brilliant and inventive, and her cultures wide and deep. From Kanem the rulers tried to dominate the areas south and west of the lake as well. Sign in to start taking action. 5 Issues Nigeria Must Address to Ensure Every Child Can Access a Quality Education. As one of the most industrialized African countries, perhaps this is not one of the most surprising facts about Nigeria, nonetheless, it’s interesting. Since her independence in 1960, the country has been struggling to … There are over 250 ethnic groups that live throughout Nigeria. 2. Nigeria is a large, densely populated West African country on the Gulf of Guinea. Nigeria is the seventh-most populous country in the world, home to more than 200 million people. The early Ijaw settlement took place in the 770AD. Nigeria originated from British colonial rule in the latter part of the 19th century and took its present territorial shape with the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and the Northern Nigeria Protectorate by Lord Fredrick Lugard in 1914. While that … Nigerian Facts 1. Babajuma, Malomo. Here are 11 historical facts you should know about the country often referred to as the “Giant of Africa”: 1. In time, Benin dominated not only the Edo-speaking peoples to the north and south but also the area eastward to the Niger and, along the coast, to Lagos (which the Edo now claim to have founded) and even into present-day Ghana. Niger River is Africa's third largest river. The country was named "Nigeria" after the River Niger. There is some evidence that Kanem had made contact with the Christian kingdoms of Nubia before it was overrun by Muslims, who gained a foothold in the ruling family of Kanem in the 11th century. Rivers State-born Agbani Darego was the first African woman to win the Miss World pageant — entering the history books with her victory in 2001. Population: 214 million people (2021) Capital: Abuja with about 3.5 million inhabitants. Sept. 18, 2020 Around 1400, the Yoruba kingdom of Oyo was founded in the southwest and reach its height from the 17th to the 19th century. Nigeria Flag. 5. It also exerted considerable influence on eastern Yorubaland and maintained trading connections with Oyo. The official name of Nigeria is the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Patience Jonathan is one of Nigeria’s most-educated First Ladies, with an NCE, a B.Ed, and a PhD from University of Port-Harcourt. If your Facebook account does not have an attached e-mail address, you'll need to add that before you can sign up. A New Political Philosophy for Nigeria and Other African Countries, 1967. The earliest cities in Nigeria were the northern cities of Kano and Katsina that started around 1000 C.E. 1914 – Formation of Nigeria under Governor Frederick Lugard. There is so much to learn about Nigeria, its people, and its cultures. Send petitions, emails, or tweets to world leaders. 1851 – Kano one of the largest city in Africa made 10 million sandal pairs and 5 million hides for export every year. Here are 10 interesting facts about Nigeria: 1. The Bayajidda legend, concerning a mythical Middle Eastern ancestor of the Hausa, seems to suggest that the rise of a centralized political system in Hausaland was influenced from Borno. seventh most populous country in the world, 5 Facts Every Nigerian Should Know About Our Health Care, 5 Issues Nigeria Must Address to Ensure Every Child Can Access a Quality Education, Gold medal in the women’s long jump event, How a 69-Year-Old Nigerian Polio Volunteer Single-Handedly Transformed Her Community, Nigerian Choreographer Seyi Oluyole Is Using Dance to Help Children Stay in School. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, Kingdoms and empires of precolonial Nigeria, Controversies surrounding the 2007 presidential election, Nigeria under Umaru Musa Yar’Adua and Goodluck Jonathan, The 2015 elections and electorate concerns, Recession, fight against corruption, and insecurity. Extreme poverty ends with you. Check out original content and videos published every day to help you learn about the issues that mean the most to you. Related Stories 10 Interesting Facts About Nigeria 1. Of particular interest is the source of the copper and lead used to make the bronzes, which may have been Tadmekka in the Sahara, and of the coloured glass beads, some of which may have come from Venice and India, the latter via trade routes through Egypt, the Nile valley, and the Chad basin. The transition to sedentary farming led to the creation of permanent settlements that served as a protection against external enemies. This placed it well above South Africa's nominal GDP of $322 billion and elevated Nigeria to the position of the largest economy in Africa. 200 ce). 5 Facts Every Nigerian Should Know About Our Health Care. as shown in archaeological records. The Nok culture Evidence of human occupation in Nigeria dates back thousands of years. Banza Bakwai. Call governments or join rallies. Many indigenous polities emerged in Nigeria before the British took control in the late 19th century. This merger brought together over 400 ethnic groups and tribes into what was then the largest British colony in the world. People who want to learn about and take action on the world’s biggest challenges. Sept. 11, 2020 Historic regions: 5th century BC - 20th century: Nigeria contains more historic cultures and empires than any other other nation in Africa. This is a timeline of Nigerian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Nigeria and tis predecessor states.To read about the background to these events, see History of Nigeria.See also the list of heads of state of Nigeria Nigeria got her independence on October lst, 1960, and is made up of over 450 ethnic groups with Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba being the major tribes. In April 2014 — looking back at the previous financial year — the statistics bureau of Nigeria confirmed the rebasing of the Nigerian economy's gross domestic product (GDP) to $509.9 billion. On Jan. 15 1966, a group of young, idealistic, UK-trained army majors overthrew Nigeria's democratic government in a violent military coup — the country’s first. 4. (See also African art.) Below are 10 Remarkable Nigeria Facts anyone planning to visit the country will find interesting. Related Stories Several dominant themes in Nigerian history are essential for understanding contemporary Nigerian politics and society. Distinctive features of Nok art include naturalism, stylized treatment of the mouth and eyes, relative proportions of the human head, body, and feet, distortions of the human facial features, and treatment of animal forms. Not a Global Citizen yet? As an activist, he has been a voice for justice, freedom, and the end of tyranny. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Nigeria is home to the greatest number of people living in extreme poverty in the world — meaning that efforts to tackle extreme poverty and its systemic causes in the country are vital to the Global Goals' mission to end extreme poverty by 2030. It has the highest population in Africa With over 190 million people, Nigeria has the highest population, not only in the region but also throughout the continent. The motto of Nigeria is “Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress.”. Some of the blowback effects of this coup include: In 1967, following two coups and turmoil that led to about a million Igbos (one of Nigeria’s most-populous ethnic groups primarily from the Eastern region of the country) returning to the south-east of Nigeria, the Republic of Biafra seceded. 55 Historical Facts about Nigeria Are you aware that… The River Niger Bridge at Onitsha was constructed between 1964 and 1965 by Dumez- a French construction company and cost £5 million. The oldest fossil remains found by archaeologists in the southwestern area of Iwo Eleru, near Akure, have been dated to about 9000 bce. Even within the walled cities, however, some pre-Islamic rites remained part of the ceremonies that sustained monarchical authority. Its people raised crops and cattle and seem to have paid particular attention to personal adornment, especially of the hair. The presidential election took place in February 1999, and Olusegun Obasanjo, who as head of state in 1976–79 had overseen the last transition from military rule, was declared the winner. Thou the nation Nigeria as so many historical facts, but for the purpose of this write up will be focusing on the best 30 facts about Nigeria. 1. The creators of the Nok culture lived in these settlements. Nigeria gained independence from the British empire in 1960, initially adopting a British style of government with Abubakar Tafawa Balewa as the first Nigerian head of government (prime minister). Pottery head found at Nok, Nigeria. The British invaded Nigeria in the early 1990s and both northern and southern Nigeria fell under British rule in 1903 and 1905 respectively. They reveal not only a high artistic tradition but also a well-structured society with wide-ranging economic relationships. The country then had a population of over 45 million people. They were also the first Nigerian athletes to compete in a Winter Olympics event. Nigeria is a country in West Africa, Officially called the Federal Republic of Nigeria, with thirty-six states and the federal capital territory, Abuja. He has risked his life again and again to articulate the principles that provide the foundation for human rights, both in his native Nigeria and around the world. A pastoral group, ancestors of the Kanuri, established a centralized state over those referred to collectively as the Sao. Zamfara (state inhabited by Hausa-speakers) Kebbi (state inhabited by Hausa-speakers) Yauri (also called Yawuri) Gwari (also called Gwariland) Kwararafa (the state of the Jukun people) Nupe (state of the Nupe people) Ilorin (was founded by the Yoruba) After more than a century of struggle with nearby Borgu and Nupe, it established itself strategically as the emporium for exchanging goods from the north—rock salt, copper, textiles, leather goods, and horses—with products from the south—kola nuts, indigo, parrots, and cowries. The history of Borno antedates the 9th century, when Arabic writers in North Africa first noted the kingdom of Kanem, east of Lake Chad. Plaque depicting a Portuguese explorer or trader, from Nigeria, 16th or 17th century; in the Brooklyn Museum, New York. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Within two years, state profit increased by almost 50%, to an all-time high of N5.3 billion in 1976. Related Stories Interesting facts about Nigeria 1. Here are 11 historical facts you should know about the country often referred to as the “Giant of Africa”: The land area known today as Nigeria was formed in 1914 when colonial authorities merged the Northern and Southern Protectorates of Nigeria, to form the amalgamated Protectorate and Colony of Nigeria. There is a high plateau of extinct volcanoes in the centre of the country and a mountainous area along its border with Cameroon. With so much history and cultural richness, there are many lessons to be learned from Nigeria’s impact on the African continent and the world at large. Prior to 12 December 1991 Lagos was the capital city of Nigeria. CIA World Fact Book 2000, 2000. How a 69-Year-Old Nigerian Polio Volunteer Single-Handedly Transformed Her Community. June 27, 2020 Oyo, founded in the 14th century and located in the savanna to the north of the forest, gradually supplanted the older kingdom of Ife. The oldest fossil remains found by archaeologists in the southwestern area of Iwo Eleru, near Akure, have been dated to about 9000 bce. English is the main language of Nigeria. In the Jos Museum, Nigeria. 1845 – The first building in Nigeria was built in Badagry, Lagos State. Nigeria is the 7th most populated country in the world. One of the most notable events in the Nigerian history occurred in 1901 when the 4. Interesting & Fun Facts About Nigeria. Interesting Facts About Nigeria Geography Nigeria is the largest country in West Africa, sharing borders with four other African countries – Chad and Cameroon in the east, the Republic of Benin in the west, Niger in the north while it borders with Lake Chad from the northeast. It is bordered by Chad, Cameroon and Benin. You can join the movement to empower and protect vulnerable Nigerians by taking action here. Wole Soyinka was the first African to win the Nobel Prize for Literature, which he won in 1986, and he is also a prominent social critic and political activist. Many of the distinctive features of Nok art can also be traced in later developments of Nigerian art produced in such places as Igbo Ukwu, Ife, Esie, and Benin City. Initially, trading links extended to the Nile valley of Egypt. Nigeria was formed in 1914. It is believed that the bronzes were part of the furniture in the burial chamber of a high personage, possibly a forerunner of the eze nri, a priest-king, who held religious but not political power over large parts of the Igbo-inhabited region well into the 20th century. The lake was then much larger than the present-day body of water, and its basin attracted settlements and encouraged exchange. For centuries the Hausa have occupied the northern plains beyond the Jos Plateau, which were a crossroads open not only to Borno but also to the states of Mali and Songhai in the western Sudan, the trans-Saharan routes to northern Africa, and various trade routes to the forest areas of Borgu, Oyo, and Benin. Three Nigerian-American women — Seun Adigun, Ngozi Onwumere, and Akuoma Omeoga — made history and their Olympic dreams come true by being the first-ever African bobsled team to qualify for the Olympics. In the north there were several large and developed systems, including the Hausa states of Kano, Katsina, Zaria, and Gobir; Kanem-Borno; and the Jukun states of Kwararafa, Kona, Pinduga, and Wukari. Here are some interesting Nigeria facts which were chosen and researched by kids especially for kids. We offer a variety of ways to make your voice heard. Nigeria is one of the earliest countries to gain independence from British rule on October 1, 1960 under the leadership of Azikiwe. For a long time, Borno was the dominant power in the central Sudan, including much of Hausaland. The spread of Nok-type figures in a wide area south of the Jos Plateau, covering southern Kaduna state southeastward to Katsina Ala, south of the Benue River, suggests a well-established culture that left traces still identifiable in the lives of the peoples of the area today. Ife’s influence on surrounding states is evident in the fact that all the monarchies of Yoruba states claim descent from Ife as a way of establishing legitimacy, sometimes borrowing regalia from Ife to use in coronation rites and sometimes sending remains of deceased rulers to Ife for burial. With a population of over 160 million people, Nigeria is Africa’s most populated country, as well as the 8th most populated in the entire world. History of Nigeria . Interesting Facts about Nigeria. Nigeria Facts 1. In order to create your account we need you to provide your email address. You can check out our Privacy Policy to see how we safeguard and use the information you provide us with. Islam, which was introduced from the Mali empire in the 14th century, strengthened both the monarchical system and the commercial contacts, but it remained predominantly an urban religion until the beginning of the 19th century. With an estimated population of about 204 million people, Nigeria today is the most populous Black nation on Earth and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria is a member of both the British Commonwealth and the African Union. The 1999 transition of Nigeria from military to civilian, democratic government, was a defining moment in Nigerian history, representing the beginning of the longest, uninterrupted government since Independence in 1960. While that may be a... 2. This means that for every seven Africans, one is a Nigerian. Name: The name originally comes from the Niger river which flows through the country. Named for the village of Nok, site of some of the finds, the ancient culture produced fine terra-cotta figurines, which were accidentally discovered by tin miners on the Jos Plateau in the 1930s. Central Intelligence Agency. Ife, which flourished between the 11th and 15th centuries, emerged as a major power in the forested areas west of the Niger and south of Hausaland. The land area known today as Nigeria was formed in 1914 when colonial authorities merged the Northern and Southern Protectorates of Nigeria, to form the amalgamated Protectorate and Colony of Nigeria.. Below are 14 Fun Facts About Nigeria For Kids and I hope you’ll fall in love with this beautiful country. Flag: Nigeria’s flag consists of three equal vertical bands of green, white, and green. By the 17th century it had built up a cavalry force with which it dominated people in western Yorubaland and in the dry gap to the coast; to the south, infestations of tsetse flies prevented kingdoms there from effectively utilizing horses. A considerable rivalry existed between the different states over agricultural land and the control of trade and trade routes, and Hausaland was periodically conquered by powerful neighbours such as Borno and Songhai. Nigeria, My Beloved Country, 1975. The Nigerian government declared war and after 30 months of fighting, Biafra surrendered. She remains Nigeria’s most famous beauty queen. Nigeria has a long history that dates back as far as 9000 B.C.E. (See also African art.) Though the rulers of Borno embraced Islam, the structure of the monarchy remained traditional, with the queen mother and other female officials exercising considerable power. 1959 – The new Nigerian currency was introduced. In Nigeria, the indirect rule system was introduced by the country’s first Governor-General, Lord Frederick Lugard who felt that Nigeria being very big and vast would be impossible to handle if the British ruled directly. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND. There are isolated collections of ancient tools and artifacts of different periods of the Stone Age, but the oldest recognizable evidence of an organized society belongs to the Nok culture (c. 500 bce–c. Sign up. Oil profitability in Nigeria was greatest during the 1970s, when it became the wealthiest country in Africa. While there are a number of different religions practiced in Nigeria, the majority of the population is either... 3. Nigerian Choreographer Seyi Oluyole Is Using Dance to Help Children Stay in School. Nigeria bolstered profits when it joined the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 1971, and the discovery of oil is widely believed to have influenced the course of the civil war. Global Citizen celebrates the resilience and ingenuity of the Nigerian people on this historic and important day. Welcome back! Related Stories Nigeria’s most successful Olympic outing was the 1996 Olympics, with the men’s football team winning Gold, and Chioma Ajunwa also winning a Gold medal in the women’s long jump event. Evidence of human occupation in Nigeria dates back thousands of years. When the Portuguese arrived in the kingdom of Benin in the 15th century, they found a monarchy, dating back many centuries, with a complex structure of chiefs and palace officials presiding over a kingdom that was expanding in all directions. It shares a border by land with other countries such as Cameroon and Chad in the east, Niger in the north, and Benin in the west. What’s unique for the Nigerian population is that the majority uses a smartphone rather than a computer or laptop. Perhaps because of this strategic location, the Hausa developed a number of centralized states—such as Daura, Katsina, Kano, Zaria, Gobir, and, later, Kebbi—each with a walled city, a market centre, and a monarchical system of government. Meet other Global Citizens who care about the same issues you do. Please contact us at contact@globalcitizen.org if you would like to re-activate your account. Top Nigeria historical facts A lot of the modern peoples of Nigeria migrated to its territory from the north 4 thousand years ago, approximately 2000 BC. With a rich history that dates back to the earliest man, Nigeria was originally set up by the British Empire as a business concern. The nominal GDP per capita is $5,900. A succession of increasingly repressive military governments ruled Nigeria for 29 of the next 33 years, until the restoration of democracy in 1999. Initially Neolithic (New Stone Age), the Nok culture made the transition to the Iron Age. In this article, we shall take a look at 26 interesting facts about Nigeria’s 36 States. About 75% of the total population uses social media on a regular basis. The princes and other members of the royal family were granted fiefs and posted away from the capital to govern frontier zones, while people of slave origin were preferred for the royal guard and palace officials. On Jan. 15 1970, the conflict officially ended. Africa’s Most Populated Country. Below are some interesting historical facts about Nigeria: In the mid 19th century, Kano exported 10 million and 5 million sandal pairs and hides respectively. Nigeria’s coast is low-lying with lagoons and sandy beaches. Height 21 cm. Nigeria is one of the most interesting nation in Africa and the nation as so many interesting and amazing history and facts. Sept. 9, 2020 it propelled a group of young military officers onto the national stage and they still wield enormous influence in Nigerian politics; corruption — the military decreed that all natural resources be controlled by the state, which has entrenched the do-or-die nature of Nigerian politics; the army's politicised past means that Nigerians live with the (real or imagined) fear that a coup is a possible outcome of any political crisis. Keep updated on what they're doing to change the world. Nigeria is located in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. Nigeria is a Federal constitutional republic with a President. Thanks for signing up as a global citizen. On Oct. 1, Nigeria celebrates its Diamond Jubilee — marking 60 years since the country became an independent nation with the end of colonial rule. Nigeria : History. Bronzes, which have been dated to about the 9th century ce, were discovered in the 1930s and ’40s at Igbo Ukwu, near the southwestern city of Onitsha. The name “Nigeria” is also derived from colonial sources. Nigeria is the seventh-most populous country in the world, home to more than 200 million people. Nigeria is officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nigeria is a country on the West Coast of the African continent. Motto: 'Unity and faith, peace and progress'. Some of the characteristic features of Yoruba culture emerged during that time: a monarchical system based on city-states and nucleated villages; a pantheon of gods, a few of which were recognized widely but with several local variations; and divination centred on the deity Ifa, with its corpus of sacred chants. Barkindo, Bawuro M. Studies in the History of Kano, 1983. Apart from that, over three hundred languages are spoken in the country. 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