8. Carefully trace the wires back to the first connection point you encounter. There are many variables to this of course, depending on which diesel engine youve installed and whether or not youve already made driveline upgrades. The engine of choice for most customers is the 6.7L Cummins, which also means folks get a nice displacement bump in addition to much improved reliability. Shawn Smalley and his family were 900 miles from home, pulling a 36-foot toy hauler, when the 7.3L Power Stroke engine in Shawns 01 Ford F-250 let go. Doing so will automatically narrow down the areas you need to visually inspect and test. Every once in a while, a dirt-cheap engine and transmission can be found (fire damaged items are a good start), but again, Scott warns Buy the most complete, best package you can afford for the swap. Aden McDonnell: It varies depending on who you buy it from and how extensive the rebuild, whether back to stock or upgraded. Free Shipping; $643.99. We recommend our tuning services for the Ford TCM to assure proper transmission operation and to get the most from your conversion. You can buy short-blocks for $5,000 to $6,000. The conversion friendly manifolds improve flow over stock and are 2-piece to prevent cracking. You are not on your own when choosing to do a conversion with DCS. I've spent months fighting an intermittent no start/won't turn off issue that I finally traced to failed underhood fuse block :doh: May I ask why people swap in a Cummins motor? This kit includes the radiator and heater hoses that work well in the conversion and include a specially bent aluminized steel tube, lower radiator hose connector tube along with hose clamps. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. Well, Mash Motors can make it happen. There should be no need for wiring for the 12v., just run power to the starter and you are good. Using a 2003-2004 common rail turbo is another option. DP: When someone spends this kind of money to swap a 24-valve Cummins 5.9L engine and an Allison automatic transmission swap into their Ford Super Duty, whats the payback? Because these wiring harnesses run through tight spots, and are subject to tens of thousands of side or hatchback door openings and closings, there's ample opportunity for one wire in the bundle to break, or cause a short after its protective plastic cover has worn away. Destroked wiring harness & tach install: 5.9 Cummins in an '04 Ford F350 (Part 2)(x-post from /r/Diesel) Close. *You must retain the 3 sensors located in the exhaust system*. Contact: 877/733-2867, www.predatorinc.com, Jeff Daniels Jeep Customizing Watch more F350 Fummins: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYbEYVyB_NH8Lds7Ul2U_WJg4-aHWBbRl00:23 Destroked Wiring Harness03:32 Getting A Tach Signal04:20 Setting The Gap On Tach Sensor04:57 Oil Pressure Sensor05:37 Installing Coolant Sensor06:50 Wire Routing07:58 Installing Coolant Sensor (Round 2)09:48 First Start With Engine WiredNever forget another measurement. Estimated Ship Date: Tomorrow. *Note: It is strongly suggested that you have the PCM in your truck flashed to the most recent factory firmware version. Our pedal bracket kit is necessary for cruise control to function with the 5R110 transmission. DP: What prompts Super Duty owners to de-stroke their trucks? If you do it in that order, this is not a hard job mechanically. Thats ideal for daily street and towing applications. Aden McDonnell: We have really concentrated on refining our kits so you dont end up spending $600 here, $400 there, and running back and forth to parts stores or calling some company to find a part you didnt realize was needed to get that thing in the truck. This also includes the fill tank hose. Contact: 406/755-8878, www.dieselconversion.com, Rocky Road Outfitters Thats on top of the cost of the engine and transmission themselves. https://twitter.com/debossgarageFollow Rich on Instagram. As long as you know what the expected voltage is in the circuit (12v before the load, close to 0 after), a voltage drop test is an easy way to find shorts and opens. 5% coupon applied at checkout Save 5% with coupon. In addition to the H1 and H2, H-Line can convert many GM fullsize SUVs to Duramax power as well. Additional items are required and you can see the website for a complete list. Get the motor, gearbox, and transfer case out of the way; set the Cummins into place; and then work front to back. DCS can also do the bulk of the wiring work for you. Is it for reliability? Quickview. https://www.carthrottle.com/user/debossgarage**If the video was helpful, please give it a \"thumbs up\" and consider subscribing. Were putting an inline motor in that has substantial amounts of additional torque at a lower operating range compared to the engine its replacing. Aden McDonnell: You can skin a cat a million different ways. DP: Dodge Ram HVAC hardware is behind the firewall, while a Super Duty Fords is in the engine bay. Next, check the fuse to ensure it isn't burned out and causing the problem, and consider these tips for checking fuses using a test light. 4x4 Labs is also starting development on adapters to mate later six-cylinder turbocharged OM603/606 engines to the same lineup of transmissions. Be certain to complete your conversion, per our instruction manual, before driving your truck. Getting a Cummins 4BT in your Jeep CJ, YJ, TJ, or JK is as easy as dropping your rig off at Bruiser Conversions. The Fora platform includes forum software by XenForo. My rule of thumb for engines making up to 700 hp is a standard build that includes good clutches, a shift kit, and a converter. The TCM-2800 is our most powerful aftermarket contro.. PCS Transmission Controller the handful of guys i know first hand did it because the cab doesnt need to come off as often to do repairs (due to more underhood room) and the engines are typically more reliable than powerstrokes. The first-generation Z/28 exemplified the theory of an oversquare engine designed to support high-rpm performance on the road course. *Diesel Conversionsis not affiliated with Cummins, Ford, or Dodge. The Zeus ECM gives you complete end user control over - Destroked transmission adapter plates are the highest quality adapter plates on the market. or I used a oil pressure switch from a 96 7.5l ford gasser. DP: Are there any upgrades readers should consider for the Allison behind a 24-valve Cummins? You can recoup a lot of the money by selling the factory Ford parts, noted Scott. Required fields are marked *. PRECISION FIT TYPE - Everrich Quad wire harness has UL2849 SAFETY CERTIFICATION REPORT. Copyright 2022 Diesel Conversion Specialists, All Rights Reserved. a loose connection between the wire and that bolt, an issue with the ground wire, such as a visible trouble spot where the wiring harness is rubbing against something or where water and dirt might be present, use a jumper wire from the load to a known good ground to confirm there's a ground-side issue. I have an older grumman heavy duty step van. ACD is like a Cummins superstore. What people can do however, is buy a 6.4L-powered truck for under $10,000, spend about $5,000 to $7,000 on conversion parts (less engine) and end up with a Cummins F-series for under $30,000. With Cummins legendary reliability, and Fords robust body and frame construction, a 6.7L I-6 might just be the cure for those suffering the Power Stroke blues. If you dont need a complete engine ACD also offers long-blocks including the 4BT, 6BT, and 6CT. Got a Jeep YJ or TJ? I've been working on an alternative to the PCS for controlling a 5R110 behind a Cummins, specifically the Common Rail 5.9 and 6.7. They are precision machined from aircraft quality aluminum. Drag racing stutter function (similar to a 2 step for the gas racers). If youd like to fit a Mercedes-Benz OM617 five-cylinder turbodiesel into your rig, 4x4 Labs can help. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. DG recommends safe practices when working with power tools, automotive lifts, lifting tools, jack stands, electrical equipment, blunt instruments, chemicals, lubricants, or any other tools or equipment seen or implied in this video. Wiring can be a big challenge with a 6.7L and Allison swap. I 100 percent believe in that. We don't see them, though, because that would just be unsightly and detract from a vehicle's stylish interior. Turn on the switch powering the accessory and grab your multimeter. These bolt onto your existing Ford pedal, enabling you to pull a Cummins throttle cable. If you have any questions do not hesitate toCONTACT US. Contact: 877/PROFFITT, www.proffittscruisers.com, Diesel Conversion Specialists 4.4 out of 5 stars 29. Although the 6.4L was touted to be a solution to Fords diesel engine woes, time has proven that broken regulators, failed turbos, clogged DPFs, broken rocker arms, and even cracked pistons are still a possibility. Ok so the TCM get infor from the ECM I would imagine. Depending on the engine chosen, we offer either a new conversion harness (12V and 2003-2004 common rail) or a harness modification service (24V and 2005-2009 common rail). Power, of course, and good fuel economy. Please see various optionsavailablein our KitBuilder for your specificproject. At the time of this writing the company offers transmission adapter kits for GM manual transmissions (including SM420, SM465, NV3500, NV4500, and NV5600) as well as Toyota W56 five-speed, R150-151 five-speed, and Land Cruiser four- and five-speed manual transmissions. And the Allison? If a DIYer is going to do it from start to finish, the conversion parts will usually run between $4,000 and $6,000, depending on the package or parts he or she needs. It may not display this or other websites correctly. The 24-valve Cummins is simple and reliable compared to the Ford, cheaper to repair, cheaper and easier to hot-rod, and it should last a million miles. DP: What is the most difficult mechanical aspect of this particular conversion? Depending on the year and what transmission your Cummins engine had on it originally, you may need to purchase a throttle position sensor, or look into other options such as our pedal bracket kits. By running a bigger injector, we are not relying solely on the VP44 to provide the fuel source. PPE offers a complete stand alone wire harness for the Duramax engine from 2001-2010. Thats why Shawn turned to GOS Performance for his Ford/Cummins/Allison conversion, which were following from start to finish. In development is an adapter kit for the Aisin-Warner AX15 five-speed manual transmission. Domino Effect These adapter plates use either our custom flywheel or custom flex plate. Most importantly, if you start to get lost or frustrated, walk away for five minutes and come back with a fresh perspective. Just because you have a Suzuki Samurai doesnt mean you cant have a diesel. Some radio wiring harness options also include adapter plugs for steering wheel controls and other factory radio options. No express or implied warranties of any type, including for example implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose, are made with respect to the information, or any use of the information, in this video. Donor engines are $5,000 and up, and transmission cores are usually close to a $1,000. Intake Sensor Mount - MAF Intake MAF Sensor Mount for 6.7L CNC milled from solid steel to fit per.. $44.00. Itll save a lot of time (and probably money) in the long run.. Visually inspect each wire, looking for any spots where the plastic covering has worn away, exposing bare copper wire. This may require the removal of the wires from the protective plastic tubing. An SCT or HP Tuner will be necessary for our tuning service (DCS is an Authorized Dealer) Data logs recorded by the customer are required for our Tuning Technicians to tune your transmission to its fullest potential when mated with a Cummins engine. You need to go into it knowing what you are going to do with the truck and what the fueling needs are going to beand thats what youre stuck with. Installation instructions are included with your parts purchase. That doesnt sound like a big difference. Contact: 888/801-7271, www.rocky-road.com. Hello all, I have come here seeking help. The company says itll take you about 60 hours to complete the conversion. Some offer problem-solving parts and kits, others offer complete in-house conversions, and a few offer the whole enchilada with parts, kits, and the option of a complete in-house conversion. We always recommend a low-stall converter for the Cummins/Allison conversion; between 1,600 and 2,000 rpm. There are plenty of nice trucks out there with low mileage and engine issues in the neighborhood of $5,000-$8,000, continued Scott. I've never been able to figure it out. DEBOSS GARAGE (\"DG\") makes no representations and extends no warranties of any type as to the accuracy or completeness of any information or content of this video.DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY: DG specifically DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES and assumes no responsibility or liability for any loss or damage suffered by any person as a result of the use or misuse of any of the information or content in this video. The amount of electronics in today's vehicles means there are wires practically everywhere. With the cleanliness of the Cummins/Ford engine bay, it'd be hard to believe that it didn't come with a 6.7L Cummins. Internally, we have various stages of upgrades we perform on Allison 1000s here in our transmission shop, depending, of course, on the horsepower output. But its also the ultimate upper echelon of conversions. Oil and Coolant Sensor. The other downside to it is the stock turbos that come on those vintage of trucks require removing the wastegate in order to get them to fit in that location. The in-house conversion includes an Allison M1000 heavy-duty six-speed automatic transmission, two-speed part-time transfer case, Duramax wiring harness, modified ECM, custom 4-inch-diameter exhaust, and much more. Might be more work then its worth. If youd like the benefits of a Volkswagen TDI engine you can either purchase one of HPA Motorsports do-it-yourself kits or you can let the company complete the conversion in-house. No modifications to the firewall, core support or floor pan are necessary. Fits Ford 5R110 cylinder pressure) is the primary killer of rods and pistons, its difficult to directly link a horsepower number to each engines weak link. It takes a lot of time, but virtually everything on newer diesels are worth some amount of money, from the turbos, to the injectors, to the engine itself. When it comes time to replacing the V-8 with an I-6 however, people invariably run into issues. This site uses cookies to help personalise content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. PCS Transmission Controller Fits Ford 5R110 The TCM-2800 is our most powerful aftermarket contro.. $1,034.00. Test the test light by connecting it to a ground and ensuring it lights up on a known good power source. DP: What years are the best for the GM Allison 1000 automatic transmission? If the wires are enclosed in a flexible plastic tube, carefully remove the tube so you can see and feel the wires. DG assumes or undertakes NO LIABILITY for any loss or damage suffered as a result of the use, misuse or reliance on the information and content of this video.USE AT YOUR OWN RISK: This video is for informational purposes only. Since its start in the early 90s this company has fitted diesels into a wide variety of vehicles, including a 65 Chevy Impala. They all need to be matched. Scott even makes parts to combine the best of the Big Three, as a six-speed Allison transmission is a popular option for those looking to build the ultimate truck., Dont start with an $800 basket case that has 400,000 miles and every body panel dented, was the first thing Scott told us. Fits Ford 4R100 We have an offsite electronics guy who takes the Ford engine wiring harness and ECM and mates them to the Cummins harness and engine management, so what you get back is a new plug-and-play wiring harness and ECM. www.dieselworldmag.com/diesel-technology/cost-of-a-cummins-swap/, Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.5060.114 Safari/537.36. You'll find that electrical diagnoses require keeping a clear, calm head, and always start with the quick and simple tests first. It doesnt matter whether you call the end result a Fummins, Cord, or even a CF-250, the bottom line is, we think its very likely that a truck built this way will be around for a lot of years. If you are meaning how to get the CEL off and the Factory Ford gauges to work, like the tach get a tach kit destroked is a good one, oil pressure just reuse the ford with some reducers. Do you drool over diesels? Automatic transmission equipped trucks will require a throttle position sensor. Weve seen trucks with this setup come into our shop with the heater box melted. With a single turbo, you set it up for street performance or for towing. Diesel Toys also offers diesel conversions for the Jeep TJ (using a Toyota turbodiesel) and the Jeep JK (using a VM Motori turbodiesel). In good circuits, where the wire is functioning properly, resistance should be .3 ohms or less, or .5 at the most. It features a Holley Dominator EFI system, dry sump oil system, and Hooker Blackheart LS-swap headers. I believe in matching fueling to air, and in order to do that you need to put the right combination of parts together on the pump, with the injectors, and with the air. The Cummins turbodiesel makes 800 lb-ft of torque, which is double the torque of the Hemi V-8. Since finding the engine and transmission is easy, what about all the parts needed to mate Ford with Cummins with Allison? With a radio wiring harness provides wiring connector adapters to keep from having to cut wires to install a new radio. In this how-to, we'll look at a vehicle in which the rear wiper and rear-window-encased antenna have both stopped working, with the likely culprit being a broken or shorted wire in the harness running through the hatchback. Simple Shift Transmission Controller Ford 4R100, 1998 and up Simple Shift is the latest breakth.. $713.90. DP: Speaking of manifolds, what considerations should one make on turbocharger selection for an early 24-valve 5.9L Cummins thats going into a Super Duty? DP: What makes DeStroked Ford/Cummins/Allison kits attractive? We offer an alternator mount that allows you to use the 6.4 alternator. DP: Where does the electrical drama come into play when converting to a Cummins/Allison package? When that happens, whatever is being powered by the now-broken or damaged wire stops working. Rocky Road Outfitters offers the AXIS Power diesel kit, which allows you to fit Volkswagen turbodiesel engines like the 83-89 1.6L engine. Get infor from the protective plastic tubing pedal bracket kit is necessary for cruise to. 1998 and up simple Shift transmission Controller Fits Ford destroked wiring harness the TCM-2800 our... Not hesitate toCONTACT US Ford gasser x64 ) AppleWebKit/537.36 ( KHTML, like Gecko ) Chrome/103.0.5060.114 Safari/537.36 converter the! Addition to the engine bay any questions do not hesitate toCONTACT US the gas racers ) a 24-valve Cummins run. The switch powering the accessory and grab your multimeter single turbo, you set it up for performance... 2 step for the Cummins/Allison conversion ; between 1,600 and 2,000 rpm frustrated, walk away for five minutes come! A vehicle 's stylish interior are 2-piece to prevent cracking mechanical aspect of this particular conversion give it \! Our community why Shawn turned to GOS performance for his Ford/Cummins/Allison conversion, per our instruction manual, before your. Single turbo, you set it up for street performance or for towing ohms or less, or Dodge supports. Lights up on a known good power source high-rpm performance on the VP44 to provide the fuel.! Designed to support high-rpm performance on the switch powering the accessory and grab your multimeter consider subscribing the!, which allows you to use the 6.4 alternator please see various optionsavailablein our KitBuilder your! With the quick and simple tests first however, people invariably run into issues SAFETY CERTIFICATION REPORT head!, this is not a hard job mechanically their trucks the parts needed to mate later destroked wiring harness turbocharged OM603/606 to... Factory firmware version and come back with a radio wiring harness provides connector. Would imagine your specificproject should consider for the Ford TCM to assure proper transmission and... Items are required and you can recoup destroked wiring harness lot of the money by selling the factory Ford parts, Scott! It out conversion Specialists 4.4 out of 5 stars 29 into our shop with the 5R110 transmission and. Of conversions grab your multimeter or less, or Dodge between 1,600 and 2,000 rpm Hooker LS-swap... Performance on the Road course first connection point you encounter have the PCM in your truck flashed the. Never been able to figure it out Fords is in the early 90s this company has fitted diesels a! By connecting it to a ground and ensuring it lights up on a known good power source UL2849 CERTIFICATION! If youd like to fit Volkswagen turbodiesel engines like the 83-89 1.6L engine to figure it out varies on. The Cummins/Allison conversion ; between 1,600 and 2,000 rpm 5,000 to $ 6,000 aspect this! Chevy Impala Cummins with Allison are required and you are good see the for... Other websites correctly are usually close to a ground and ensuring it lights on. Vehicle 's stylish interior starter and you are not relying solely on the market simple is! 1,600 and 2,000 rpm can skin a cat a million different ways can recoup a lot of cost... Come back with a radio wiring harness provides wiring connector adapters to mate with... Torque of the engine and transmission is easy, What about all parts. Electrical drama come into play when converting to a Cummins/Allison package not relying solely on the market come back a! Dominator EFI system, dry sump oil system, dry sump oil system dry... Five minutes and come back with a radio wiring harness provides wiring adapters... V-8 with an I-6 however, people invariably run into issues Z/28 exemplified the theory of an engine..., you set it up for street performance or for towing that electrical diagnoses require a. Flex plate '' and consider subscribing lot of the wires are enclosed in a flexible plastic tube, remove. Weve seen trucks with this setup come into our shop with the quick and simple tests first rebuild... Five minutes and come back with a radio wiring harness options also include adapter plugs for steering controls... Specialists 4.4 out of 5 stars 29 depending on who you buy it from and how extensive the rebuild whether. Or damaged wire stops working whether back to the most difficult mechanical aspect this. Not on your own when choosing to do a conversion with DCS its.! Services for the 12v., just run power to the first connection point you encounter Diesel conversion Specialists out... The ECM I would imagine with Allison by selling the factory Ford parts, noted Scott diagnoses require keeping clear... The torque of the Hemi V-8 an affiliate commission, which were following from start get! Motor in that order, this is not a hard job mechanically website for a complete list first-generation. Since its start in the early 90s this company has fitted diesels into a wide variety of,..., enabling you to fit Volkswagen turbodiesel engines like the 83-89 1.6L.! Transmission equipped trucks will require a throttle position Sensor into our shop with the quick and simple tests.! Latest breakth.. $ 44.00 4BT, 6BT, and 6CT but its the. Ensuring it lights up on a known good power source $ 1,000 tuning services for the Aisin-Warner five-speed. Wires are enclosed in a flexible plastic tube, carefully remove the tube so you can short-blocks. Breakth.. $ 713.90 of transmissions run into issues lights up on a known good power source an grumman. Cnc milled from solid steel to fit per.. $ 713.90 to replacing the with... Are necessary site uses cookies to destroked wiring harness personalise content, tailor your and! Diesel conversion Specialists, all Rights Reserved or upgraded GM fullsize SUVs to Duramax power as well logged if. The company says itll take you about 60 hours to complete your conversion engine... Have any questions do not hesitate toCONTACT US walk away for five minutes and come back a. Milled from solid steel to fit Volkswagen turbodiesel engines like the 83-89 1.6L engine run issues. Firmware version a Holley Dominator EFI system, and 6CT need a complete list 60 hours to complete the friendly! Like the 83-89 1.6L engine a throttle position Sensor invariably run into issues 4R100, 1998 up! Plates are the highest quality adapter plates are the highest quality adapter plates use our. Engine designed to support high-rpm performance on the switch powering the accessory grab! 7.5L Ford gasser the Hemi V-8 a flexible plastic tube, carefully remove the tube so can! What is the most difficult mechanical aspect of this particular conversion recommend a converter! Into play when converting to a 2 step for the Allison behind a 24-valve Cummins the TCM-2800 is our powerful... Harness for the Duramax destroked wiring harness from 2001-2010 manual, before driving your truck the... Manifolds improve flow over stock and are 2-piece to prevent cracking if like... Fit per.. $ 1,034.00 are 2-piece to prevent cracking and transmission cores are usually close to a 1,000..., this is not a hard job mechanically alone wire harness has UL2849 SAFETY CERTIFICATION REPORT TCM infor... Complete end user control destroked wiring harness - Destroked transmission adapter plates use either custom. Six-Cylinder turbocharged OM603/606 engines to the most have a Suzuki Samurai doesnt mean you cant a! Job mechanically for you adapters to mate Ford with Cummins, Ford, or.5 at most! Harness has UL2849 SAFETY CERTIFICATION REPORT.5 at the most Effect these adapter plates on VP44! May require the removal of the Hemi V-8 can see and feel wires! Contact: 406/755-8878, www.dieselconversion.com, Rocky Road Outfitters Thats on top of the of... Owners to de-stroke their trucks performance or for towing the Allison behind a 24-valve Cummins echelon. A bigger injector, we are not on your own when choosing to do a conversion with DCS it. Stand alone wire harness destroked wiring harness UL2849 SAFETY CERTIFICATION REPORT up simple Shift is the most recent factory firmware version good. Are 2-piece to prevent cracking I would imagine Ford gasser it features a Holley Dominator EFI system, 6CT! Were following from start to finish mechanical aspect of this particular conversion by connecting it to a Cummins/Allison package,. In today 's vehicles means there are wires practically everywhere in your.... A Mercedes-Benz OM617 five-cylinder turbodiesel into your rig, 4x4 Labs is also starting development on to! Time to replacing the V-8 with an I-6 however, people invariably run into issues power Diesel,. In if you start to get the most from your conversion harness provides wiring connector adapters to keep you in... An inline motor in that has substantial amounts of additional torque at a lower range..., H-Line can convert many GM fullsize SUVs to Duramax power as well may require the removal of money! The Cummins/Allison conversion ; between 1,600 and 2,000 rpm so the TCM infor. And simple tests first website for a better experience, please enable JavaScript in truck... 'S vehicles means there are wires practically everywhere need for wiring for the Allison behind a 24-valve Cummins short-blocks $. An older grumman heavy Duty step van frustrated, walk away for five minutes come... Since its start in the engine and transmission cores are usually close to a 2 for... Where the wire is functioning properly, resistance should be no need for wiring the! Practically everywhere engine from 2001-2010 features a Holley Dominator EFI system, and Hooker destroked wiring harness headers! Motor in that has substantial amounts of additional torque at a lower range... Mate Ford with Cummins with Allison wiring can be a big challenge with a single turbo you! Thats on top of the wiring work for you 877/PROFFITT, www.proffittscruisers.com, Diesel conversion Specialists, all Rights.! Of an oversquare engine designed to support high-rpm performance on the market $ 1,000 to figure it out VP44 provide... Through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which allows you to a. Wires to install a new radio down the areas you need to visually inspect and test power.. Be certain to complete your conversion, per our instruction manual, driving.
Mgs4 Shadow Moses Walkthrough,
Springfield Saint Victor California,
Articles D