a. float on the asthenosphere Kuseks enthusiasm comes through loud and clear. b. d. silt, sand, clay, boulder, pebble, cobble d. 4 oxygens and 4 silicons E) transform faults, Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-continental convergent plate boundaries? For More Information What is the Deep Sea? There is even evidence suggesting that life on Earth may have originated in the vents. B) guyots Correct! That the minerals are generally inorganic and not made from life. e. Earth's magnetic field. Because they are found in the structures of wheat. e. flat abyssal plains, mid-ocean ridges, deep trenches, and seamounts, e. flat abyssal plains, mid-ocean ridges, deep trenches, and seamounts, In which one of the following ocean basins is the major tectonic activity located down the middle with little tectonic activity at the edges? c. Number of organisms present a. Adhesion b. SeismicRefraction e. asthenospheric plate boundaries, At a(n) __________ plate boundary, the Himalayas were formed C) are most common in deep and cold sub-tropical basins C)increased;increased See and download the companion Teachers Guide for Volcanoes of the Deep Sea. Now oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at ____. C) transform fault boundary divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma. a. Igneous rock St. Helens is a low-silica, explosively erupting stratovolcano, and Hawaii has medium-to-high-silica, quietly erupting shield volcanoes. How do the vents change our understanding of life? B) crust; lithosphere Subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries, The ___ is an example of an active, continent-continent collisions, Ormiston Chapter 4 Self Test, Ormistron Ch 3, Applications and Investigations In Earth Science, Dennis G. Tasa, Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, Principles of Environmental Engineering and Science. D) Seafloor spreading E) Harry Hess, Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. d. Types of volcanoes present SELECT THREE THAT APPLY a. A great volcanic explosion occurred, spreading material across the landscape and leaving a hole. B) Mendocino Fault Hot spots can occur anywhere, not just at plate boundaries. c. Triangulation In 1999, with a series of dives scheduled at a deep-sea vent site Lutz was studying, the group saw a window of opportunityand took the plunge. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Clo3+6H++6eCl+3H2O, Mn(CN)64Mn(CN)63+e\operatorname { Mn } ( \mathrm { CN } ) _ { 6 } ^ { 4 - } \longrightarrow \mathrm { Mn } ( \mathrm { CN } ) _ { 6 } ^ { 3 - } + e ^ { - } Humans have tended to think of the deep ocean as a vast, empty plain too deep to support life. b. Weathering fragments igneous rock exposed to the elements at Earth's surface. Slide-past (or transform, with horizontal but no vertical movement) earthquakes and faults such as the San Andreas. a. a. isostacy e. All of the above are correct. b. Coriolis Effect of the ____________ Ocean. b. divergent Rise from as deep in the mantle as the core-mantle boundary to the surface of the Earth, bringing up heat and feeding volcanoes. b. a result of Earth's magnetic field periodically changing direction E) divergent plate boundary, Deep ocean trenches are associated with ________. (c) selenium, cervical spinal nerve pair c1 originates between the occipital bone and the. Yes, there are. How does burial metamorphism occur? c. A tectonic event has occurred in the area since deposition of the stratum d. metamorphic On land, in fresh water and in the not-so-deep ocean, the key to life is photosynthesis. There is evidence that life on Earth may have originated in the vents, rather than in the upper reaches of the ocean. After screening a pre-release version, director James Cameron was impressed enough to use the same type of array to help light his Oscar-winning epic on the same subject. Fast forward to August 4, 2001. 2 oxygens and 2 silicons B) an oceanic-continental convergent e. Quartz grains in sandstone Three years later, at the same site, Lutz found a huge chimney that had risen 33 feet (10 meters) from the ocean floor in that short period of time. A joint is a fracture with movement; a fault is a fracture with no movement. b. Earth's diameter has been essentially constant over time, Pull-apart rift zones are generally associated with a __ plate boundary. Deep-sea hydrothermal vents (black smokers) are located at what plate boundary? The least explosive volcano with the lowest silica content and lowest volatile content is a ______. Which one of the following is not one of the five principal ocean basins? Fast Fossils of ancient polar plants are currently found near the equator because the ________. The test took place during an expedition to a deep-sea vent site known as 9North, located in the Pacific in 9,000 feet of water. B) Aleutian Islands a. felsic B) an oceanic transform A) paleomagnetism Here, millions of tiny shrimp jockey for position near sulfur-rich emissions pouring from chimneys shaped like something out of a Dr. Seuss tale. 15. E) grass grows in the summer, Which of the following rocks is the most reliable one used to collect information about Earth's magnetic field whereand when the rock originated? Vent Crabs: Several species of spindly-legged vent crabs live in both the Atlantic and Pacific. The silicon-oxygen tetrahedra link up to make lumps, so anything that gets in the way of this linking will oppose lumping. a. Materials that were lowered along faults, as we saw last week near Bryce, and materials shoved under the faulted materials as melted intrusions. St. Helens is a medium-to-high-silica, explosively erupting stratovolcano, and Hawaii has low-silica, quietly erupting shield volcanoes. SELECT FOUR C) Mariana Trench c. Rayleigh d. wide continental shelves d. A bolide (meteorite) struck that region and the stratum is bowed up near the margin of the crater D) is an oceanic transform fault The type of rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava is _________. C) a continental transform A) The oceanic pattern of alternating reversals of Earth's magnetic field. Rift. d. When the same mineral appears in different metamorphic grades. A) East Pacific Rise the mineral halite), then this is an example of _____. Lithospheric plates_____________. a. the distribution of earthquakes over a few years Which fault type is the result of compression? A) Convergent plate boundary d. 3 meters b. divergent plate boundaries The film delivers the first extensively lit views of vent habitats ever seen by the public. ook at the picture above. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. c. transform C) tablemounts And its true that much of the depths are desert-like. C) The Pacific Ocean E) The Atlantic Ocean, Based on the Theory of Plate Tectonics, you would expect to find ________ heat flow at the mid-ocean ridge and________ heat flow at subduction zones when compared to other parts of the crust. Correct! Both rounded by grains e. Arctic. continental crust. Move around rapidly under the plates while the plates sit still. E) Gondwanaland, Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. a. oceanic-oceanic a. gravitational attraction of the Moon A) hotspots B) guyots C) tablemounts D) mantle plumes E) seamounts E) seamounts Volcanoes on the seafloor that are flat-topped because of wave erosion are called ________. . E) Volcanic island arcs, Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries? c. High-grade metamorphic Are found only under oceans. Poisonous Gardens. A) San Andreas Fault A complex web of food relationships comes into being one based entirely on the conversion of chemicals, not sunlight, into food. A) San Andreas Fault Biologist and Volcanoes of the Deep Sea Science Director Richard Lutz did a Pacific dive in 1991 at 9N, a site that had clearly just experienced a catastrophic volcanic eruption. b. continental margins They have since been found in the Atlantic, Indian and Arctic oceans. Mt. At _________, plate material is incorporated into the mantle and recycled. A) parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges. B) Distribution of earthquakes Normal c. transform plate boundaries Major differences between Mt. Here, they found water far warmer than they had expected, and a stunning array of life forms. C) Convergent c. Layering of mineral grains Red Sea, Atlantic Ocean, African Rift Valley Picture II shows a head-of-hot-spot flood basalt, and picture I shows a subduction-zone-type throws-small-pieces cinder cone. d. Universal solvent Earthquakes make sound waves that go through the whole Earth, and go slower through hotter, less-dense rocks. a. Metallic/non-metallic List the four characteristics shared by all mammals. Which tectonic setting generally has the least explosive volcanism? A) Island arc D) Alfred Wegener b. oldest d. Sediments Instead, they are nourished by the bacteria that live within them. b. intermediate B) Tethys Sea Which volcanic hazard is LEAST likely to cause injury or death? "Volcanoes of the Deep Sea" is a giant screen-science adventure that will plunge audiences into the deep ocean for an unprecedented experience of this vast and little-explored dimension of our planet. The first hydrothermal vents were discovered along the Galapagos rift in1977. St. Helens. He says these vent environments are toxic to over 99% of the organisms that live in the ocean. Melt a little basaltic sea floor with some water and sediment, and you get silica-rich andesite feeding explosive, subduction-zone stratovolcanoes such as Mt. The volcanoes on the island of Hawaii (and the Loihi seamount, a submerged volcano to the southwest of Hawaii): Are not located at a subduction zone or other plate boundary, but instead poke through a plate drifting over the Hawaiian hotspot. The communities that thrive in the extremes of vent habitats are seen as a possible model for how life might emerge and thrive on other worlds. Which of the following was not used as evidence for continental drift? b. wetland, estuary, and fjord One of the members of that team was Dr. Richard Lutz of Rutgers University, Chief Scientist on the Volcanoes of the Deep Sea project. b. divergent plate boundary . Each poker-chip-sized hexagonal imprint was pockmarked with several hundred tiny holes laid out symmetrically, giving it the look of an otherworldly Chinese Checkers board. Organize at least seven of your body's cell processes that require energy. Harry Hess suggested which of the following? A) being thrust under Japan d. Ash flow New Jersey a. Volcanic tuffs and other pyroclastic material A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a ___. E) is located in the Juan de Fuca Plate, The Hawaiian Islands are located where the Pacific plate is ________. e. That all minerals form beautiful, visible crystals in the right conditions. a. Water ascending from ocean floor interacted with poisonous chemicals, why should there be no life in volcanic areas, Subtemperature probe measured hot enough to melt land, what is the largest geologic feature of the earth, mid ocean ridge does what to the sea and what to the earth, why did the ruins in the water shock scientisrs, Gallophian crabs, octopus, mussels, feather dusters, and tube worms lived here when there was a volcano in the center, there were no seasons, and it was completely dark, the tube worms that lived in the ruins were more like plants than animals why, Gas and debris emitted created sun and other stars Wegener used which of the following to provide evidence for continental drift? St. Helens is a medium-to-high-silica, explosively erupting stratovolcano, and Hawaii has low-silica, quietly erupting shield volcanoes. Which of the following is the most convincing piece of evidence set forth to support the concept of sea floor spreading? c. Thrust Out of this World. b. Photograph courtesy NOAA and NSF Photograph Photograph Photograph Photograph PDF Tectonic plates move about as fast as ________. D) moving over a hot spot or mantle plume d. Rock is metamorphosed due to decreasing temperature and declining pressure. d. shelf, slope, and rise This super hot water then shoots back up into the ocean and discharges through an opening in the crust: a vent. The only region where both winds and ocean currents flow unimpeded around the world is the, The ocean, atmosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere interact with the geosphere via Earth's, b. is a rigid layer composed of both the crust and the upper portion of the mantle. Repeat the earlier exercise using the Swamee-Jain approximation (equation below). d. relatively wide continental shelves C) Andesitic volcanoes Love C) Himalaya Mountains Why are mica minerals "like a sandwich"? b. e. ocean trench, The oceanic crust is youngest __________. That the atoms are arranged in an orderly, repetitive manner. b. d. Strike-slip e. Detachment, Which seismic wave type is most damaging? But in May of 2009, scientists captured the deepest ocean eruption ever found. The volcanoes and deep valleys of east Africa are related to a ____. This means that: Subduction zones produce sea-floor trenches, which may be filled with water or with sediment washed from nearby land. a. sedimentary The first vents were discovered in 1977, at the Galpagos Rift, near the Galpagos Islands in the Pacific. All of the following are evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics except for ___. There are far too many amazing animals to describe here in detail but here is a sampling of some of the creatures that appear in Volcanoes of the Deep Sea. c. grain size, roundness Over the past 20 years, new species have been discovered at the average rate of approximately one every week and a half. Correct! At __________ , deep sea trenches are formed. a. at the mid-ocean ridges Not only are they big, but they grow fast, too up to 2.8 feet (85 centimetres) per year! The Wasatch Mountains of Utah The mid-ocean ridge. Here, without sunlight, there can be no photosynthesis. They typically form in locations where one tectonic plate subducts under another. The lack of light in the deep ocean also means that it is very cold down there; below about 200 meters (656 feet) depth, ocean waters have an average temperature of only 4C (39F). D) turbidity currents An electric water heater is rated at 5,500 watts and operates for 106 hours per month. D) Himalaya Mountains c. 3 Alvin, a deep-sea mechanized probe, makes a voyage some 12,000 feet . -Dikes and sills, What is correlation? e. Base isolated steel. a. Flying Blind. e. Both come from older bedrock, Which is the correct order of grain sizes from smallest to largest for clastic (detrital) sedimentary rocks? Explain these results. Until recently it was thought that there were no actual gold deposits in the deep, until Peter Rona and his colleagues found gold at the TAG vent site. d. Southern D) Aleutian Islands Porcelain white crabs pick their way around and over them, while eerie, eel-like zoarcid fish hover and hunt. b. divergent Filming during four dives to the bottom proved that not only was a giant-screen film going to be possible, it was going to be breathtaking. b. has nothing to do with the supply of, The continental margin is composed of the following zones: E) remains the same, B) increases in proportion to the distance, The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an example of a ________. E) North Anatolian Fault, Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. c. 20-40 meters c. Period identify a mechanism capable of moving continents. D)increased;decreased, Most large earthquakes occur along which of the following? A) Oceanic trench C) Panamerica Lately, much attention has been focused on Europa, a frozen moon of Jupiter. e. When the same mineral appears in different metamorphic facies. d. Where the actual rupture of rock occurs in the subsurface producing the earthquake e. subduction, Mid-ocean ridges are associated with __________. E) Paleomagnetism, Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Previously existing rock changes in composition and texture C) Guyots formed at deep depths and migrated to shallow water. b. Most of these volcanoes are thousands of feet deep, and difficult to find. Perhaps the most radical difference between this ecosystem and those found elsewhere on the planet is that it is based, not on photosynthesis, but on chemosynthesis. e. Rayleigh, What is the focus of an earthquake? In other words, they use chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. The Earths crust a thin layer of rock floating on softer underlying rocks is always on the move. The network of volcanic ridges runs more than . A) John Tuzo Wilson 7.5 c. Both made by organisms E) Andes Mountains, Which of the following is an example of a continental-continental convergent plate boundary? A) can be found at latitudes above 60 a. controls the total supply of b. Lutz says Volcanoes of the Deep Sea gives us a vision of the deep that weve never had before truly its a Hubble telescope for inner space.. St. Helens is a volcano, but Hawaii doesn't have any volcanoes, and never has. a. felsic export of heat from deep in the mantle to the top of the asthenosphere, ____ was never proposed as evidence supporting the existence of Pangaea, Islands of precambrian rocks along the Mid-atlantic ridge. Despite bumping into a few walls and coming to within a yard of 752 Fahrenheit (400 Celsius) vent fluids, Alvin escaped the shoots unscathed, except for the odd little mishap. Magnetic anomalies on the sea floor are __________. What kinds of creatures live near the vents? I had to recalculate where I was going, and what I had seen of the chimneys in front of us and below us and keep flying until he ran out of film. Production [ edit] Richard Lutz served as Principal Investigator and Lutz and Peter A. Rona served as Science Directors of the film, which was funded by the National Science Foundation and co-produced by Rutgers University. e. African Rift Valley, Red Sea, Atlantic Ocean, e. African Rift Valley, Red Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Applications and Investigations In Earth Science, Dennis G. Tasa, Edward J. Tarbuck, Frederick K. Lutgens, unit 1: local environment ( khu a phng). E) Mendocino Fault, Which of the following is example of a continental-continental divergent plate boundary? Add to that water pressure that can easily reach 3500 pounds per square inch (240 atmospheres) and you have what youd expect to be a completely toxic, lifeless environment. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Nearly 4000 feet below the surface of the Pacific Ocean - in an area between Samoa, Fiji and Tonga - the West Mata volcano was discovered. In 1985, Dr. Peter Rona, Associate Science Director for the film, led an exploration in the Atlantic, which led to the discovery of the first black smokers and associated new life forms outside of the Pacific. e. divergent, Most of the deep sea trenches in the world's ocean caused by subduction occur around the edge E) atolls, The study of historical changes of continental shapes and positions is called ________. Rutgers biologist Dr. Richard Lutz is science director on the Volcanoes of the Deep Sea project and a member of the first-ever biological expedition to a vent site. D) an oceanic-oceanic convergent a. hydrothermal fluids Volcanoes of the Deep Original broadcast: March 30, 1999 Deep-Sea Vents and Life's Origins Travel in this Teachers' Domain video segment (3m 30s) to the rich ecosystems at the seafloor near. c. S d. mafic Hawaiian volcanoes are caused by a hot spot that brings up mantle material from deep inside the earth. Ultimately, the rock cycle _________ rock and mineral resources. A) an oceanic-oceanic convergent c. Pacific b. oceanic-continental Steel frame c. The few minerals that can have multiple different crystal habits depending on formation. c. Widespread geographically, chronologically limited A) Shallow earthquakes D) Mendocino Fault b. strength d. Variable Director of Photographer William Reeve took the first dive, and over the next 17 he and Low would alternate. e.clay, silt, sand, pebble, cobble, boulder, clay, silt, sand, pebble, cobble, boulder, What story does a sedimentary rock tell you? b. oceanic-continental On a dive at TAG, during the production of the film, the team was able to get another look at the mysterious pattern he discovered. d. roundness, hardness Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at ________. Volcanoes of the Deep Sea is a 2003 documentary film in the IMAX format about undersea volcanoes directed by Stephen Low . The orange glow of magma is visible beneath the plume of volcanic gases (mostly yellowish sulfur) emitted by West Mata. Williams recalls a particularly memorable dive: As we flew forward Bill kept saying, Dont stop. Volcanoes of the deep sea Flashcards | Quizlet Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Hydrothermal vents, Chemosynthesis, 2 broad chemoautotrophs at hydrothermal vents and more. a. Eon c. 1 oxygen and 1 silicon The great disaster at Lake Nyos in Cameroon, Africa, in which hundreds of people died, occurred when this material was released from the volcano: Carbon dioxide (CO2) that suffocated the people. oldest creatures on earth. D) Mid-ocean ridges The low-silica lava from the Hawaiian hot spot flows easily without large explosions, so the lava spreads out to make broad, gentle volcanoes that look like shields of medieval warriors. e. Florida, Which of the following is not characteristic of submarine canyons? d. Heat is thermal energy; temperature is vibrational (kinetic) energy of atoms Especially rich in water and carbon dioxide compared to most melted rocks. 88% All continents fit together with the least number of overlaps and gaps when the continents are matched along ________. continental rift along which parts of the african continent are beginning to slowly separate. e. Sedimentary rock, A rock stratum is tiled noticeably from horizontal. e. 400 million years, Which of these would likely produce the LEAST reliable absolute age of a rock from radiometric dating techniques? If life can flourish here, then maybe it can exist almost anywhere. 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