Hood, however, was unable to consolidate his gains. Nine regimental color bearers were killed, and in less than half an hour the 1st Texas lost 186 dead and wounded, more than 82 percent of its strength, the highest casualty rate of any regiment on either side during the entire war. On the afternoon of September 16, Union general George B. McClellan sets his army in motion, sending Maj. Gen. Joseph Hookers First Corps across Antietam Creek to find Lees left flank. General Robert E. Lee committed his entire force to the battle, while Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan sent in less than three quarters of his. Corporal Barton W. Mitchell of Company F noticed something unusual lying in the grass. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. Gen. George S. Greene, a descendant of Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene. Abner Doubleday may not have invented baseball, but his actions amidst Antietams deadly Cornfield rightly cement his place in American history. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Miller, saw some of U.S. history's most horrific fighting. It is remembered as the site of some of the most savage fighting of the Battle of Antietam, which itself was the bloodiest single-day action of the Civil War. Prominent in Hoods defensive area was a plain, whitewashed church belonging to the German Baptist Brethren, a Christian sect that shunned anything ostentatious, including church steeples, and believed in baptism by full immersion. Gen. D.R. Little is known Continue reading Claimed by the Cornfield: Georgias Colonel MarcellusDouglass, When General J. R. Jones quickly relinquished command at the prospect of marching his division into Antietams Cornfield, his fellow Southern officers began whispering the word coward behind his back. For nearly three hours, Hooker and Mansfield's Union forces battled Jackson's Confederates. The decimated survivors retreated in disorder, leaving behind 2,200 killed and wounded. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Gen. Wade Hamptons South Carolina Legion under the command of Colonel William T. Wofford, and a second brigade under Colonel Evander M. Law that consisted of the 4th Alabama, 2nd and 11th Mississippi, and the 6th North Carolina regiments. Lee invaded Maryland in September 1862 with a full agenda. On September 9, Lee issued Special Order 191 defining his Maryland Campaign. His plan to enter northern territory divided his army, sending each unit to march on a specific town: Boonsboro and Hagerstown in Maryland, and Harpers Ferry and Martinsburg in West Virginia. A brigade of Georgians under the command of Colonel Marcellus Douglass stood firm along the southern edge of the cornfield, reinforced by three regiments from Walkers brigade. Hooker ordered four batteries to unlimber. At the same time, he began throwing together a patchwork defense of the South Mountain passes at Turners, Foxs, and Cramptons Gaps. The Cornfield changed hands again and again as both sides attacked and counterattacked. Instantly Giles stentorian voice rang out, 88th. How it ended Inconclusive. Three hours later, Union troops had pushed the Confederates back and over 5,000 men were either dead or injured. In a superb organizational effort lasting just four days, he completed the assimilation of units from the former Army of Virginia into the Army of the Potomac. Travel back in time to see Antietam's battlefield as it looked 134 years ago. The exaggerated estimates played on McClellans natural tendency toward caution and contributed to his lack of aggressiveness. It was finalized on the afternoon of the 16th, a full day after McClellan had arrived on the scene. An original regiment in the storied "Iron Brigade," the 19th Indiana is perhaps best known for its role during the opening hours of the Battle of Gettysburg, which has for too long overshadowed its actions in Antietam's deadly Cornfield Featured The Cornfield Casualty Top Ten Featured / 5 Comments Battle of Antietam, also called Battle of Sharpsburg, (September 17, 1862), in the American Civil War (1861-65), a decisive engagement that halted the Confederate invasion of Maryland, an advance that was regarded as one of the greatest Confederate threats to Washington, D.C. Lost Order, Lost Cause. A mile east of the town of Sharpsburg, the creek meanders through the hilly but open countryside, good for long-range artillery and moving infantry. This is that story, Viewers of the 1989 film Glory know it tells the story of the 54th Massachusetts African American regiment and its commander, Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, who share a fate at the 1863 assault on Fort Wagner. The Tigers also clashed with Ricketts brigade, under Colonel Richard Coulter, who had replaced the wounded Hartsuff, as the Federals rushed through the shattered cornfield. The Peninsula Campaign had come to naught in July after the Confederates turned away Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan and the Union Army of the Potomac from the gates of the Confederate capital of Richmond in the costly Seven Days Battles. On the same ground where Garland had been killed earlier in the day, Maj. Gen. Jesse Reno, commander of the Union IX Corps, was shot. Gen. Abner Doubledays 1st Division marched through the North Woods, Gibbons 4th Brigade, wearing its distinctive black hats, led the way on the right. The Tigers poured heavy fire into the 2nd and 6th Wisconsin, temporarily checking their advance. Gibbons command had fought with such ferocity at Turners Gap that Hooker commented that the men were as strong as iron. This battle flag of the 12 th Georgia includes the names of several color bearers who . Six weeks after Antietam, McClellan finally heeded his bosss advice and led the Army of the Potomac into Virginia, but at a snails pace. Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History, Nineteenth-Century Geolocation: The Elliott Map of Antietam, Antietam: Federal Flank Attack at Dunker Church, Lessons From the Fallen: Depictions of the Dead of Antietam, Antietam | Burnside's Bridge | Sep 17, 1862. Even before the nine-day trek, Lincoln had all but given up on the man who had once been christened Young Napoleon for his military promise. She saw the desperation of the wounded and dying and did what she could to aid and comfort them. Captain James Rodgers, commanding the 12 th, was struck dead by bullets that hit his hand, thigh, and head. President Lincoln, however, wasnt pleased. Colquitt lost 100 casualties in an already understrength brigade, while Rodes faced two full Federal divisions, Brig. The fighting was so gory Sunken Road earned a new name: Bloody Lane. Starke, shot three times, died on the field. Confederate troops ferociously fought off offensive after offensive to prevent being overrun, turning the cornfield into a massive killing field. It was never my fortune to witness a more bloody, dismal battlefield.. With Federal forces closing in from the east, Lee selects strategic ground near Antietam Creek and orders his army to converge there. The gunners went into action amid Millers haystacks, ignoring Confederate fire that cut down men and horses. Donate Now Hill forced Cox back to Foxs Gap with a gritty, tooth-and-nail defense that included arming cooks, clerks, and teamsters. Within the limits of this Army, at least, Marylanders shall once more enjoy their ancient freedom of thought and speech. 1. The trail turns east and through the middle of the Miller Meadow, Continue east along the line toward the Smoketown Road, Walk north on the trail through the East Woods, Continue across Cornfield Avenue and through the East Woods, Explore the Confederate defense and counterattack in the Corn, Walk south through the historic Cornfield. Antietam on the Web.Special Orders No. THE BATTLE OF Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862, remains America's bloodiest single day. ", "Through a shower of bullets and shells, it was only the thoughts of home that brought me from that place." Same location Antietam National Battlefield--Cornfield Trail, Washington County, Maryland, US Same area and date Another location near Antietam National Battlefield--Cornfield Trail, Washington County, Maryland, US on Sat Apr 15, 2023 The 5th North Carolinas Captain Thompson came up to me in a very excited manner and tone cried out to me They are flanking us! Among the wounded were Sergeant Bloss and Corporal Mitchell, who had found Lees lost orders four days earlier. As Brig. After McClellan fails to pursue Lee on his retreat south, Lincoln loses faith in his general. Every purchase supports the mission. On the morning of the 13th, the 27th Indiana Infantry paused to rest in a field on the outskirts of Frederick. Fearful that his untried troops would break and run, Mansfield countermanded an order to deploy from columns into line of battle, and the massed ranks became a prime target for Confederate artillery. Over Longstreets objections, Lee deployed 18,000 men, 14 infantry and three cavalry brigades in a four-mile line across the woods and fields at the northern end of the ridge, down to the bluffs of Antietam Creek, where the southernmost of three stone bridges spanned its waters. Union forces outnumbered Confederates by two to one, although McClellan thought Lees forces were much larger. Because Federal and Confederate forces . As Union soldiers stepped out of the Cornfield at dawn, September 17, 1862, Confederate troops unleashed a horrific volley. The Union troops were thrown back as Wofford rolled into the western portion of the cornfield and Law struck to the east. Jones covered the ground to the south and occupied the bluffs above the lower bridge across the Antietam with six brigades. Eventually he decided against another general assault. Nearing the end of 2018, well be bombarded by the annual parade of top ten lists counting down everything from the years news events to songs and online fads. It was one of those marvelous flights that beggar explanation or description.. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Help Save 820 Acres at Five Virginia Battlefields, Save 343 Acres at FIVE Battlefields in FOUR Western Theater States, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield. Within the hour Ezra would be troubled by a much greater lossand discover the ultimate irony of Antietam's bloody Cornfield. The fighting, he said, was like a great tumbling together of all heaven and earththe slaughter on both sides was enormous. By 10 am, the opening phase of the battle had blown itself out, and the fighting swung southward. A recently discovered 1864 map suggests the Cornfield's human cost was even greater than previously understood, among other new insights it reveals about the men who fought in and around David Millers deadly Cornfield. Alfred Colquitt and Robert Rodes fought desperately to hold the pass. It conjures up visions of harrowing bloodshed and the tragedy of fratricidal combat Yet, for over 150 years, the story of this struggle has been difficult to track the sway of battle back and forth over Continue reading Descending Into The Bloody Cornfield With Civil War Historian, David A. Welker: PreserveCast Episode No. Please stay on the trail and remember you are in an agricultural area. The distance between the blue and gray lines was less than 250 yards. Walker lost 228 of his 700 soldiers and was forced to retire. One of his junior officers observed a large Union formation moving to the right. By 5:30 am, the morning fog had burned off enough for the Confederate horse artillery under Major John Pelham to fire at the Union vanguard from Nicodemus Hill. Racing 150 yards ahead of the units on either side, the whooping Texans came within 30 yards of the Pennsylvanians, who rested their rifles on the lowest fence rails and fired a withering volley at the legs of the onrushing Rebels, shrouded in the thick smoke of battle. On the political front, Lincoln felt that the war-weary North needed to be energized. The Pennsylvanians fired a tremendous volley into the flank of Colquitts brigade, already locked in heavy combat with Union troops in the clover pasture beyond the northern fringe of the cornfield. Three brigades from Hills division supported Hoods defenders, and Brig. As Jacksons line wavered under unrelenting Union pressure, two brigades of his old division, 1,150 strong, rolled out of the West Woods. The next day, the Army of Northern Virginia set out from Frederick. Originally designated the 2nd Continue reading The 90th Pennsylvania Infantry in the Cornfield: Solitary and alone, we gave and took ourmedicine, Barely two dozen yards ahead lay the northern end of the Cornfield. No constraint upon your free will is intended, no intimidation is allowed, Lee promised. Lee issued a proclamation to the people of Maryland inviting them to join the Southern cause. Firing canister at point-blank range, Union artillery raked the attackers. XII Corps had lost a quarter of its men during the rush across the cornfield toward the Dunker Church. Why did Lincoln lose faith in George McClellans command after Antietam? The remainder of the Army of Northern Virginia, divided into three separate commands, would converge on Harpers Ferry and compel the garrison to surrender. Send forward officers to explore the way, ascertain the best crossing of the Potomac.. September 17. Hill worked feverishly to extricate his battered brigades, while the 102nd New York Regiment drove relentlessly toward the high ground around the Dunker Church, where Colonel Lees artillerymen were doing their best to limber their guns and retire. His orders from Lincoln and Army General-in-Chief Henry W. Halleck were somewhat vague: protect Washington and, if possible, destroy Lees army in the process. Despite having the advantage, he allowed Lee to retreat without resistance. National Park Service.Why did Lee Enter Maryland? Free shipping for many products! The Unions claim of victory at Antietam and Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation are thought to be why Republicans held the House in the 1862 mid-term elections. He tended to details while three of Jacksons footsore divisions began trickling into the vicinity. Kop sent the order farther up the chain to Colonel Silas Colgrove, the commander of the 27th Indiana, who went directly to XII Corps headquarters, where Brig. Just twelve hours of intense and often close-range fighting with muskets and cannons had resulted in around 23,000 casualties, including an estimated 3,650 dead. The battles outcome would be vital to shaping Americas future, and it remains the deadliest one-day battle in all of American military history. Bodies in front of the Dunker Church - Antietam Battlefield (Library of Congress) In the nether world of the West Woods, choked with the bodies of the dead and wounded and shrouded in the misty blue-gray smoke of musketry and artillery fire, the North Carolinians struck with a vengeance. After he failed to attack Lees depleted troops as they fled Sharpsburg on September 18, he wrote to his wife, Ellen, that, ''those in whose judgment I rely tell me that I fought the battle splendidly & that it was a masterpiece of art.'' The trail is 1.25 miles in length and takes approximately sixty minutes to complete. Two divisions of Sumners corps, commanded by Brig. The Cornfield: Antietam's Bloody Turning Point tells the story of what happened in David Miller's once-peaceful farm field on 17 September 1862, which opened the Civil War Battle of Antietam - America's single bloodiest day. Our database is searchable by subject and updated continuously. It was never my fortune to witness a more bloody, dismal battlefield. When Frenchs troops arrived, fighting ensued at close range. Clarissa Clara Harlowe Barton was a former teacher and patent clerk who became a nurse on the front lines during the Civil War. The List Price is the suggested retail price of a new product as provided by a manufacturer, supplier, or seller. He was convinced that the bulk of Jacksons command, marching hard from Harpers Ferry, would reach the battlefield and swell his ranks to 50,000 men to confront McClellans force of 80,000. Monday marks the 150th . Americas bloodiest day was far from over. Dunker Church 2. Commanders on both sides were trying to make order out of chaos, and even the most hardened veteran could scarcely comprehend the unimaginable holocaust that engulfed the cornfield, the woods, turnpike, and high ground around the Dunker Church, where more than 8,000 soldiers, Union and Confederate, lay dead or wounded. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Gen. George A. Hartsuff, moved forward. Gen. William E. Starke spurred his brigade of Louisiana soldiers and accompanying Virginians headlong into the Iron Brigade. A steady drizzle pelted down during the night, soaking the men as they fitfully slept. The Cornfield: Antietam's Bloody Turning Point By David A. Welker Casemate, 2020, $34.95. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. The little hillock would be his objective for the morning attack. What happened next was pivotal: On September 13, two Union soldiers, Private Barton W. Mitchell and Sergeant John M. Bloss, discovered a copy of Special Order 191 with detailed Confederate troop movements, allegedly wrapped around three cigars. Unfortunately for the Union, this temporal advantage in the center is not followed up with further advances and eventually the Union defenders must abandon their position. In 1881 Barton founded the American Red Cross. Lincoln and McClellan had a tortured relationship. Meades 3rd Division followed in support. The Iron Brigade battled several Confederate units during the bloody fighting in D.R. Longstreets and Hills units formed the Confederate right and center flanks to the west of Antietam Creek, while Jacksons and Brigadier General John G. Walkers units formed the Confederate left flank. The first Union infantry formations did not arrive until the afternoon of September 15. It also gave President Abraham Lincoln the confidence to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation at a moment of strength rather than desperation. Hoping to take advantage of the Unions low morale and seeming ineptitude, Lee chose to push his army north across the Potomac and into Maryland where they soon occupied the town of Frederick. This article about the American Civil War is a stub. Take a virtual tour of Antietam Battlefield by clicking on the links for the battlefield tour stops below. Gen. Jacob Coxs Kanawha Division were in control of Foxs Gap. The Cornfield Trail loops around and through the Bloody Cornfield where 8,000 men were killed, wounded or went missing is the ferocious battle for two hours on the morning of September 17. I supposed that we had everything in our own hands, he thought. Return to Tour Map With the full commitment of McClellans troops, which outnumbered the Confederates two to one, the battle might have had a more definitive outcome. As for Gibbon's brigade, the 2nd and 6th Wisconsin regiments led the brigade with the 19th Indiana and 7th Wisconsin regiments in close support, with Battery B split to support both wings of the brigade. Apparently it never reached the general. The Battle of Antietam begins at dawn when Hookers Union corps mounts a powerful assault on Lees left flank. The Cornfield Antietam's Bloody Turning Point.m4b 748.6 MB; The Cornfield Antietam's Bloody Turning Point.jpg 51.6 kB; The Cornfield Antietam's Bloody Turning Point.cue 1.3 kB; The Cornfield Antietam's Bloody Turning Point.nfo 1.2 kB; : 713.95MB : 2022-12-18 : 19. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. To the west, Doubledays division made better progress. By 9:30 a.m. thousands of them lay dead and dying. Gen. George G. Meade on his left. He recorded the hand-hewn grave markers and headstones bearing names of a few of the fallen, created in Antietam's immediate aftermath by friends and brothers. There they ran headlong into one of Lawtons brigades under Colonel James A. Walker. The division commander, John R. Jones, had been wounded by shrapnel earlier, and Brig. Libby remembered a loud response from the Maine men to the contrary. The fight began to peter out with the gathering darkness. 2. It is for you to decide your destiny, freely and without constraint. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! Thomas Wait and myself told him that we were not firing at our own men for those that were firing at us from behind the trees had been firing at us from the first, recalled Libby. Lee wrote to McLaws: The day has gone against us and this army will go by Sharpsburg and cross the river. Despite heavy losses and tenacious resistance, Doubleday had driven deeply into Jacksons line. Jackson included the caveat that Hood be ready to move at a moments notice if called upon. Mansfield was carried from the field and died within hours. About half a mile on the other side of the Hagerstown Turnpike, the East Woods flanked the Smoketown Road, which joined the turnpike at an acute angle. It explains what happened in Antietam's Cornfield and why. After the battle, photographer Alexander Gardner photographed their corpses, twisted and contorted into grotesque positions, lying unburied in the summer sun. Hoods division roared out of the West Woods, around the Dunker Church, and through a gap in the fence along the Hagerstown Turnpike, pitching furiously into the Iron Brigade. The water is deep, swift, and crossable only at three stone bridges, making it a natural defensible location. Our first stop is D. R. Miller's farm, around which swirled fighting in the bloody Cornfield By David A. Welker One of the most enjoyable moments when researching history comes in finding something new, even when that thing is quite old. McClellans letters reveal his contempt for his commander-in-chief (whom he sometimes referred to as the Gorilla), and the historical record shows that as the war slogged on, Lincoln became increasingly frustrated with his generals timidity and excuses. In less than fifteen we were sending and receiving death missiles by the bushel. Hoods men drove north, forcing the First Corps back across the Cornfield. Buy new: $40.64. Hood, a Kentuckian, commanded a full division including his old brigade of the 1st, 4th, and 5th Texas, the 18th Georgia, Brig. Here is a paper, McClellan chirped, with which if I cannot whip Bobbie Lee, I will be willing to go home.. .In my feeble estimation, General McClellan, with all his laurels, sinks into insignificance beside the true heroine of the age, the angel of the battle field. East Woods 4. National Park Service.The Maryland Campaign of 1862. Only darkness halted the Union advance. Union gunfire wounded Private William Calton Odum of the 6th Georgia Infantry in the right arm during the morning fight in the Cornfield. To the south, at Cramptons Gap, a Confederate contingent of 1,000 men consisting of three Virginia infantry regiments and another from Georgia, two regiments of dismounted cavalry, and a few scattered guns of the horse artillery confronted more than 12,000 Union troops of Maj. Gen. William B. Franklins VI Corps. A total of 23,000 men were killed, wounded or captured; 3650 soldiers were killed - 2100 Unionists and 1550 Confederates. To further complicate matters, Republicans faced midterm elections in November of 1862, and their victory wasnt in the bag. Civil War Trust.The Peninsula Campaign. Mansfield spluttered, Yes, yes, you are right. Precisely at that moment a bullet hit the 58-year-old general squarely in the chest. Forward, guide centre, halt. Hartsuff was wounded and Christian suffered an emotional breakdown and fled the field. Gen. Abram Duryeas 1st Brigade, stepped off to Gibbons left. By David A. Welker John Continue reading Cowards in the Cornfield? 191. The Battle of Antietam has the regrettable distinction of being the bloodiest one-day battle in American history. But do you know their experiences in the month and hours before marching together into the Cornfield? But even this firestorm of controversy couldnt prepare Jones for what awaited him when his postwar indiscretions became known. "Battle of Antietam: Carnage in a Cornfield", "cwla - Antietam Modern Image Gallery 11 Frame", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miller%27s_Cornfield&oldid=1139340604, Battlefields of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The Battle of Antietam, America's bloodiest single day, immediately claimed 3,654 lives and generated an additional 8,772 wounded and missing casualties on both sides, many of whom should properly be moved to the "killed" category. Encyclopedia Virginia.The Significance of the Battle of Antietam. Dr. James Dunn, a surgeon at the Battle of Antietam lauded her efforts: The rattle of 150,000 muskets, and the fearful thunder of over 200 cannon, told us that the great battle of Antietam had commenced. As the sun climbed into the sky on September 15, Lee surveyed a long, low ridgeline east of the town and asserted, We will make our stand on those hills. At noon he received confirmation from Jackson that Harpers Ferry had fallen and directed Stonewall to hurry to Sharpsburg, 12 miles to the north. He takes his opportunity on September 22. The carnage was terrific; only two dozen of the original 250 men of the 6th Georgia survived the maelstrom without being killed or wounded. The Battle of Antietam, also called the Battle of Sharpsburg, occurred on September 17, 1862, at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Maryland. It also gave President Abraham Lincoln the confidence to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation at a moment of strength rather than desperation. Their fire was devastating. The Most Terrible Clash of Arms But after several unexpected and demoralizing Union losses, including Major General John Popes sound defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run, it became clear the Confederacy wasnt going to be easy to crush. Reinforcements from Longstreet tried to stem the tide but were driven back. The delaying action at South Mountain, though costly, had given Jackson enough time to tighten his grip on the arsenal. Amidst a firestorm of Confederate shells, just as his brigade was heading into the hell of Antietam's Cornfield, Colonel William Christian suddenly muttered "I've always had a great fear of shelling." And with that, he simply vanished By David A. Welker William Henry Christian was born on April 9th 1825 in Utica, New York. 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