Also, on the site, the density of red barbier baitfish and amberjack is such that it often hinders photographic documentation. Additionally, the Leading Engineer and a seaman were complicated in the incident. For their actions in sinking U-85, Destroyer Division 54 commander, Commander Stanley C. Norton and the Roper's captain, Lieutenant commander Hamilton W. Howe, were each awarded the Navy Cross.[8][9]. Jan. After completing his training in 1937 he spent five years on minesweepers, commanding one from 1939. Diving U-85is the closest that many of us will come to experiencing what it was like during a World War II naval battle, says NOAA archaeologist Tane Casserley. There were only three survivors from the 35-man Peleus. The Black Point likewise serves as a war grave. On 13 March while crossing the latitude of Freetown in the Atlantic Ocean, the U-boat spotted the lone Greek steamer Peleus. He sent out five depth charges from the Y-gun, which damaged U-352 so badly they decided to play dead and lay still on the bottom, hoping to go unnoticed. They dived the wreck to a depth of approximately 12,500 feet (3,800 m) in the MIR submersible from the Russian research ship Akademik Mstislav Keldysh. The U-85 is a very rare Type VIIB U-boat, one of only 24 built, and was the only Type VIIB U-boat lost off the U.S. East Coast during the war. California 94041. ): U-860 (+1944) propulsion: diesel and batteries date built: The U-853 was a type IXC/40 German submarine launched on March 11, 1943, and commissioned June 25 that same year. Eck was to be the only U-boat commander found guilty of war crimes and executed after he ordered the machine gunning of survivors from the . The U-852 was itself sunk on May 3 1944 by British aircraft off the coast of Somalia. Disclaimer To learn more about the proposal, click here. The U-boat had been claimed to have been sunk by depth charge hedgehogs off the coast of Massachusetts on 7 April 1945 by USS Gustafson and was also thought to have been possibly sunk by USS Coffman. Thank you for your support! Setting sail from St. Nazaire, France, on March 21, 1942, U-85 was making its third and final journey. His commander-in-training patrol was aboard the famous U-124, commanded by his classmate Johann Mohr, from 28 October 1942 to 21 February 1943. With all the survivors dead, the U-852 sailed away. HMT Bedfordshire is one vessel included in the proposal. This triggered a hunt for the U-boat, but in a surprising twist, Frmsdorf did not flee the scene. Two weeks later the U-852 sank the British cargo ship Dahomian off Cape Town on 1 April. [10] The Labrador current influences the site and visibility can be low. Throughout the entire Second World War, the Kriegsmarine had only one U-boat commander convicted of war crimes. [5] After the war, the British government did successful experiments towing Fa 330s behind ships and jeeps, but the development of the helicopter quickly occupied the attention of the military. Rathke fired at Icarus, but the torpedo either malfunctioned or hit the sea bottom. He joined the Kriegsmarine in April 1943 as part of Crew 34. This forum contains affiliate links to products on Amazon and eBay. The U-853 was one of the last German U-boats sunk in the Battle of the Atlantic and the last to be destroyed on the East Coast of the United States. In 1927, Hawaiian Steamship Company sold her again, this time to C.H. Nearby vessels and shore stations witnessed the attack and raised the alarm. National marine sanctuaries protect some of the most spectacular ocean and Great Lakes resources in the United States, including shipwrecks like the Dixie Arrow. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. German submarine U-40 was a Type IXA U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine that operated during World War II.. U-40 was built in Bremen by DeSchiMAG AG Weser as yard number 945. Aft of the conning tower there is visible battle damage from Roper's 3-inch deck gun. U-85 was the first U-boat loss of "Operation Drumbeat" (Paukenschlag), the offensive off the eastern seaboard of the United States in 1942. The remains of this little-known battlefield serve as the final resting place for 90 ships and nearly 1,700 men lost during the Battle of the Atlantic. When Greger realized that U-85 was being tracked, he was in very shallow water; therefore, he evidently decided to try escaping on the surface. The Peleus Affair. They both received a reduced sentence of prison terms. They did this while the rest of the crew remained below decks. Please email, Exploring Monitor National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA Marine Sanctuary Shipwrecks: the Dixie Arrow, NOAA National Marine Sanctuary Shipwrecks: The USS Monitor, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: the Ashkhabad, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: The Caribsea, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: E.M. Clark, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: HMT Bedfordshire, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: F.W. The crew was captured and later tried for war crimes. Shortly after midnight, Roper approached the area where U-85 sat and detected a weak radar contact. [2], Having left St. Nazaire on 21 March 1942, U-85 sank the Norwegian freighter Christen Knudsen off the coast of New Jersey on 10 April.[3]. On her third foray, she sank the Empire Fusilier southeast of St. Johns, Newfoundland, after a seven-hour chase, on 9 February 1942. She measured 251 feet, 10 inches in length; 22 feet, 6 inches in the beam; and drew 15 feet, 4 inches. U-654 was able to sink one vessel in this convoy, while Greger fired at least three torpedoes with no hits. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment . Following repairs, U-85 transferred from St. Nazaire to Lorient on October 11. The story of the incident really began on a summer day of March 13, 1944. Roper not only had the advantage of more surface artillery but were also able to reach their guns sooner. Amid the sinking wreckage were the survivors jammed packed in lifeboats and rafts. Heinz-Wilhelm Eck was born in Hamburg on March 27 1916, and was raised in Berlin. This year, Scuba Diver Life and NOAA are partnering to profile 12 different ships in the Graveyard of the Atlantic. The depth charges killed the entire U-85 crew. As it turned out, not all the survivors were killed. The visibility and water temperature vary greatly depending upon the dynamic, shifting currents. The awesome memorial is a must see if you are in the Kiel area (perhaps visiting the U-995). When they stopped the ship in order to launch the lifeboats, U-352 passed right by them without notice and somehow lost contact. Fifty-eight were captured by the Somaliland Camel Corps and local militia. Rathke spotted Icarus, a 165-foot USCG Cutter, on antisubmarine patrol off Cape Lookout. The U-352 was a German submarine that was used during the notorious U-boat attacks in WWII along the NC Coast. She also carried a 4.1-inch deck gun and two anti-aircraft guns. . [4] More recent investigation by sport divers has raised questions about Navy reports on the wreck.[7]. Although her commander, Charles E. Prior took a coastal route, not considering threats from German U-boats to be particularly severe. The presiding judge was Major A. Melford Stevenson. The crew of the Roper observed the U-boat sinking at the stern and watched as the crew jumped into the water, begging for rescue. Sie wurden am nchsten Tag von den Briten aufgenommen. Wreck Site Of the U-boats off North Carolina's coast, U- 352 had the least eventful operational career. U-85s captain must have decided to scuttle and abandon the ship. The last, under the command of Helmut Frmsdorf, intersected with the end of World War II in the Atlantic. By then, there were no survivors among the 29 bodies floating in life jackets. Even as the crewman were reaching their battle stations, the Wellingtons were starting their second strafing run. The boat attempted to run south on the surface and fired its stern torpedo at Roper when the range closed to 700 yards (640 m). The prosecutor was Colonel Halse of the Advocate Generals Office.The presiding judge was Major A. Melford Stevenson. U-85 embarked on its third war patrol on January 8, 1942. However, the Roper was closing in on U-85, and the crew now suspected that they were pursuing a submarine. They confirmed the pressure hull had been breached and that the bodies of many of the 55 deceased German submariners were still on board the stricken vessel. We cannot be held responsible for any errors on the site and for any actions you may take after viewing its content. This website makes use of cookies to ensure that the website works properly. The depth charge damage was so great that he had no other alternative but to abort the mission and return to port in St. Nazaire, France. U-85 took a patrol station between Newfoundland and Nova Scotia and had no luck until January 21 when Greger fired four torpedoes at what was judged to be a 10,000 ton steamer. Privacy Policy Believing that U-boats operated in packs, as they did in other regions, Roper did not want to take the chance of being sunk by an additional U-boat. Image courtesy of the U.S. History and Heritage Command. The wreck site of U-85 now rests in about 110 feet (34 m) of water 14 miles (23 km) east of Oregon Inlet along the Outer Banks. [5] The British also discovered the Fa 330 Bachstelze rotor kite, a towed one-man aerial observation platform.[1]. KL Heinz Wilhelm Eck of U-852 was indicted and sentenced to death by firing squad at the Nuremberg Tribunal on November 30 1945. At the end of February, the vessel retuned empty handed to St. Nazaire. U-85 departed Trondheim in Norway on 28 August 1941 for her first patrol. This month we visit the F.W. Icarus left the area for approximately an hour to await instructions on how to proceed. 650 Castro Street U-85 had a displacement of 753 tonnes (741 long tons) when at the surface and 857 tonnes (843 long tons) while submerged. Scuba Diver Life Was. 14 Mar 1944. On May 5 (or possibly the early morning of May 6), all 55 submariners aboard U-853 were entombed in their . There are 3 type XXI boats buried in the Elbe II bunker in Hamburg. The outer hull is gone at the bow, exposing the pressure hull and the four forward torpedo tubes. Earlier that day the four-stack destroyer USS Roper set out from Norfolk on its way to Cape Hatteras for antisubmarine patrol. As it turned out, not all the survivors were killed. Contact Us As Roper began to close in on U-85, the crew suspected that they were pursuing a submarine. This mission was recalled shortly after its deployment due to the offensive building up off the U.S East Coast. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. After minor repairs in St. Nazaire, U-352 headed for the U.S. East Coast on April 7, 1942. This month, well visit Monitor National Marine Sanctuary. The vessels were joint players in one of the final acts of the Battle of the North Atlantic during World War II. U-852 had a displacement of 1,610 tonnes (1,580 long tons) when at the surface and 1,799 tonnes (1,771 long tons) while submerged. The U-853 was a type IXC/40 German submarine launched on March 11, 1943, and commissioned June 25 that same year. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750ft). Rathke attempted to carry out at least one attack, but depth charges kept him from being successful. U-852 was fitted with six 53.3cm (21in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes, one 10.5cm (4.13in) SK C/32 naval gun, 150 rounds, and a 3.7cm (1.5in) SK C/30 with 2575 rounds as well as two 2cm (0.79in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The prosecutor was Colonel Halse of the Advocate Generals Office. [13], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}3555N 7513W / 35.917N 75.217W / 35.917; -75.217. Image showing the location of the main wreckage of the Black Point relative to a smaller section of the ship's stern, approximately 1,800 feet south. This very interesting page explains the controversial order of 1 May, 1943 to stay up and fight the aircraft attacking the U-boats. [3], The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 20.8 knots (38.5km/h; 23.9mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 6.9 knots (12.8km/h; 7.9mph). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of 9,000 metric horsepower (6,620kW; 8,880shp) for use while surfaced, and two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010PS; 750kW) for use while submerged. Joined later by the destroyer Ericsson (DD440), the American task force detected, attacked, and destroyed the U-853. Some of these tubes still have visible torpedoes inside. On June 15 Eck took command of the new Type IXD-852 and put the boat through months of training before leaving from Kiel for the Indian Ocean. This month we visit U-701. Greger sunk the ship and then proceeded directly to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. On 30 April 1944, U-852 was spotted in the Indian Ocean by a Vickers Wellington bomber flying from Aden. She was 55 feet in the beam and rated at 5,353 tons. He had lived to tell the story which had led to the indictment of the four U-boat officers and a seaman. The recent high-resolution mapping of the U-853 using Synthetic Aperture Sonar (SAS) on Kraken Robotics' KATFISH system confirms the submarine is largely intact and orientated in a northwest-southeast direction. [4] After being left unable to dive due to damage from aerial depth charges, she headed for the coast of Somalia. With all the survivors dead, the U-852 sailed away. Roper then quickly left for fear of another boat in the area, but returned after daylight and recovered the bodies of 29 sailors. Command of the U-85 was given to Oberleutnent zur See Eberhard Greger. By using this website we assume that you agree with this. Significance: U-352 is significant to American military history, maritime history and historic archaeology as it was the first U-boat sunk by the United States Coast Guard off the American East Coast during World War II's Battle of the Atlantic. U-85 left for its fourth and final patrol on March 21, 1942. Die Sprengung war jedoch nur zum Teil erfolgreich. After having spent 43 days in the North Atlantic and being occasionally depth charged by planes, the U-85 found little and attacked nothing. The submarine was equipped with four torpedo tubes in the bow and two in the stern. Site Info, NOAA Ocean Exploration To view additional site plans click here. Eck was forced to run aground on a coral reef (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}932N 5059E / 9.533N 50.983E / 9.533; 50.983Coordinates: 932N 5059E / 9.533N 50.983E / 9.533; 50.983) about 20km (12mi) from shore. This year, Scuba Diver Life is partnering with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to bring you images and stories from each of the United States 11 dive-able marine sanctuaries. However, before reaching land the U-boat came under attack from six RAF bombers from 621 Squadron. U-85 Type VIIB U-boat by NOAA's Monitor National Marine Sanctuary on Sketchfab. A well-aimed 3-inch shell breached the pressure hull just aft of the conning tower. SAS imagery of the Black Point showing that the hull, including the bow, of the ship is largely intact and rests upside down on the seafloor. At some point, Greger must have made the decision to scuttle and abandon the U-85. In 1942 he volunteered for the U-boat force and was accepted for training at Pillau on 8 June 1942. U-85s attempt to shake Roper failed. The crew was interned and sent to POW camps, after which they were charged when the war ended. JavaScript is disabled. It was laid down in Bremen and completed in June 1943. This is the place to discuss general issues related to the U-boat war or the war at sea in WWII. The drumbeat of the U-boats had grown louder through February and March. Click above to view a dive slate for U-352. Shortly before Rathke fired his torpedoes, Icarus got a sonar contact. U-352 sank while the majority of the crew was able to escape. Abrams, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: U-352, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: the Tamaulipas, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: U-701, Preserving Americas Underwater Battlefield: W.E. Sprague of Boston. While on it's first patrol, U-85 discovered the massive 65-ship convoy 42 (SC-42), but was only able to sink the British freighter Thistleglen. Some of these tubes still have visible torpedoes inside. Sir Douglas Bader, the RAF fighter pilot without legs. Today, the submarine lies on the ocean floor almost within sight of the former Newport Torpedo Station which helped develop and test the underwater technology used to destroy it. (Photo: NOAA), The forward torpedo tubes located on the wreck of U-85. The German sailors were later interred in Hampton Roads, Virginia. This page covers the events related to U-boats since 1945, including boats taken over by the allies after the war and their eventual fate. Together, these vessels represent the long battle for naval supremacy during World War II and the attempts by the Allies and the Third Reich to protect and/or disrupt their enemys Atlantic commerce and supply lines. Throughout the entire Second World War, the Kriegsmarine had only one U-boat commander convicted of war crimes. Download image (jpg, 270 KB). Sitting in very shallow water and knowing they were being tracked, the crew of U-85 decided to try to escape on the surface, hoping that their increased speed would get the U-boat into deeper water before Roper could attack. She sank the Thistleglen on 10 September northeast of Cape Farewell (Greenland). Despite frequent disturbance as a popular dive site, the wreck retains archaeological integrity and to this day remains an important and poignant war grave. 2020 All Rights Reserved. The Freden crew drifted in their lifeboats all night. Many of the individual hull plates are visible in the imagery. Between their arrival in US territorial waters on December 27, 1941, and February 6th, 1942, the drumbeaters sank 25 ships. On February 8, U-85 along with U-654 found and attacked the Southwest bound Convoy ONS 61. In protest, his Leading Engineer questioned his commander's order but could do little to change the fate of the survivors. Click above to view a dive slate for U-85. U-85 was fitted with five 53.3cm (21in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one 8.8cm (3.46in) SK C/35 naval gun, 220 rounds, and one 2cm (0.79in) anti-aircraft gun The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.[1]. Rathke moved into position twice, each time firing a torpedo from the bow, but each missed. However, to do this successfully the submarine would have to maintain a high-level of secrecy throughout her journey from Europe. (Photo: Steve Sellers, ECU/NOAA), NOAA-UBOAT-143 NOAA diver tracks a sand tiger shark as it circles U-85. It was either the last or second-to-last (probably the latter) German submarine sunk by U.S. forces in World War II, one day before Germany's official surrender in Europe. British forces captured her crew. A mysterious lost WWII submarine, German U-boat U-455 is discovered off the coast of Italy at 120 meters deep. The text is below: As U-852 broke the surface, her gun crews swarmed out and manned the anti-aircraft guns. By May 5, 1945, Adolph Hitler had committed suicide in his bunker in Berlin and Grand Admiral Karl Donitz was helping negotiate the terms of the Nazi surrender. U-852 (+1944) Details general nationality: german purpose: war type: submarine subtype/class: IX D 2 class submarine (ger.) Tried for war crimes his training in 1937 he spent five years on minesweepers, commanding one from.! New Controversial Q & amp ; a Add a Comment to escape battle damage from Roper 's 3-inch deck.... 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