[44][63], Unmanned machines clean the top 27 additional tiers and the glass spire. [60] At peak cooling times, the tower's cooling is 46 MW (62,000 hp), equivalent to that provided by 13,000 short tons (26,000,000 lb; 12,000,000 kg) of melting ice in one day. Award for Commercial or Retail Structure from. The decision to build Burj Khalifa was reportedly based on the government's decision to diversify from an oil-based economy to one that is service and tourism based. [21][58] An additional 213 km (132 mi) of piping serves the fire emergency system, and 34 km (21 mi) supplies chilled water for the air conditioning system. The concept of profitability derived from building high density developments and malls around the landmark have proven successful. [3][49] The hotel was supposed to open on 18 March 2010,[50][51] but after several delays, it finally opened to the public on 27 April 2010. [6] At the top, the central core emerges and is sculpted to form a finishing spire. The Burj's typical curtain wall panels measure 4'6" wide by 10'8" high and weigh about 800 pounds each, with wider panels near the buildings edges and taller ones near the top. [132] Most of the workers involved in the riot returned the following day but refused to work.[132]. [66], An outdoor observation deck, named At the Top, opened on 5 January 2010 on the 124th floor. It is the world's second largest choreographed fountain. These centered on low wages and the practice of confiscating passports until duties were complete. [125], The opening was held on 4 January 2010. [54][55], The building has 57 elevators and 8 escalators. Originally proposed as a virtual clone of the 560 m (1,837 ft) Grollo Tower proposal for Melbourne, Australia's Docklands waterfront development, the tower was redesigned by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. ‘Building of the Century’ was thought a more apt title for it. [58] Water is collected via a condensate collection system and is used to irrigate the nearby park. [39] According to Strabala, Burj Khalifa was designed based on the 73 floor Tower Palace Three, an all-residential building in Seoul. 12 September 2007: At 555.3 m (1,822 ft), becomes the world's tallest freestanding structure, surpassing the, 7 April 2008: At 629 m (2,064 ft), surpasses the. Architecture Award (Mixed Use) Arabian Region from Arabian Property Awards. No content displayed on this page may be reproduced, in whole or in part, without prior written permission by Skyscraper Source Media Inc. 1 - Grand 3BR in Dubai Marina's Majestic Skyscraper!, Dubai, Balcony; 2 - Grand 3BR in Dubai Marina's Majestic Skyscraper!, Dubai, Pool; 3 - Grand 3BR in Dubai Marina's Majestic S On 21 April 2014, with permission of the authorities and support from several sponsors, highly experienced French BASE jumpers, This page was last edited on 23 April 2021, at 23:08. At its tallest point, the tower sways a total of 1.5 m (4.9 ft). Start Saving Today! NORR was also responsible for the architectural integration drawings for the Armani Hotel included in the Tower. [127] Using the 868 powerful stroboscope lights that are integrated into the façade and spire of the tower, different lighting sequences were choreographed, together with more than 50 different combinations of other effects. The building has been used by several experienced BASE jumpers for authorised and unauthorised BASE jumping: On 28 March 2011, Alain "Spiderman" Robert scaled the outside of Burj Khalifa. However, there were numerous complaints concerning migrant workers from South Asia who were the primary building labour force. ", "How rich Gulf emirate Dubai covered up woman's suicide from top of Burj Khalifa", "Riot by migrant workers halts construction of Dubai skyscraper", "Burj Dubai opens tomorrow, final height still a secret! Emaar Properties also engaged GHD,[42] an international multidisciplinary consulting firm, to act as an independent verification and testing authority for concrete and steelwork. World's largest light and sound show staged on a single building. [citation needed] Another challenging element was the shamal which often creates sandstorms. Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning system are constructed from steel reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled together on-site. With a total height of 829.8 m (2,722 ft, just over half a mile) and a roof height (excluding antenna, but including a 244 m spire[2]) of 828 m (2,717 ft), the Burj Khalifa has been the tallest structure and building in the world since its topping out in 2009 (preceded by Taipei 101).[3][4]. These setbacks are arranged and aligned in a way that minimizes vibration wind loading from eddy currents and vortices. Zobacz zdjęcia, przeczytaj zweryfikowane opinie gości i rezerwuj już teraz z „Gwarancją najlepszej ceny”. Opera Grand is a 66-story skyscraper in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Dubai Skyscrapers seen from Sheikh Zayed road. [citation needed], Within 17 months of the building's official opening, a man described as "an Asian in his mid-30s", who worked at one of the companies in the tower, died by suicide on 10 May 2011 by jumping from the 147th floor. The building broke numerous height records, including its designation as the tallest building in the world. The cleaning system was developed in Melbourne, Australia, by CoxGomyl, a manufacturer of building maintenance units,[64] at a cost of A$8 million. The glass covers more than 174,000 m2 (1,870,000 sq ft) in area[citation needed]. This data is thus subject to change until the building has completed and all information can be confirmed and ratified by the CTBUH. CTBUH collects data on two major types of tall structures: 'Buildings' and 'Telecommunications / Observation Towers.'. Come join the discussion about structures, styles, reviews, scale, transportation, skylines, architecture, and more! [124] In addition to the media presence, 6,000 guests were expected. [44] The elevators have a capacity of 12 to 14 people per cabin, the fastest rising and descending at up to 10 m/s (33 ft/s) for double-deck elevators. [131], The Burj Khalifa was built primarily by workers from South Asia and East Asia. [44][99], Special mixes of concrete were made to withstand the extreme pressures of the massive building weight; as is typical with reinforced concrete construction, each batch of concrete was tested to ensure it could withstand certain pressures. A 'Building' is a structure where at least 50% of the height is occupied by usable floor area. ", "Burj Khalifa: window cleaners to spend months on world's tallest building", "Emaar brings world class water, light, and music spectacle to Burj Dubai Lake", "Burj Dubai Observation Deck Opens to The Public On Jan 5", "Cloud Top 488 on Canton Tower Opened to public", "Dubai's Burj Khalifa Now Has The Highest Observation Deck In The World At 1,821 Feet, And It Looks Incredible", "Une firme québécoise dans la plus haute tour du monde", "Emaar Says Burj Khalifa Observation Deck Closed for Maintenance", "Terrifying lift ordeal at Burj Khalifa tower, the world's tallest building", "World's tallest building, Burj Khalifa, reopens observation deck", "Machu Picchu and Burj Khalifa back in biz", "An 11-hectare green oasis envelops the foot of Burj Dubai", "11-hectare park unveiled at Burj Dubai site", "Dubai Burj Khalifa: Ramadan fast 'lasts longer high up, "Profits on the descent at Burj Khalifa builder Arabtec", "Besix wins $2.7bn Abu Dhabi building orders", "Turner International Projects – Burj Dubai", "Dubai skyscraper missing its 'curtain wall' exterior", "Hyder consulting presenting Burj Dubai to the world", "Myth of 'Babu Sassi' Remains After Burj Cranes Come Down", "Foundation Design for the Burj Dubai – The World's Tallest Building", "Foundations and Geotechnical Engineering for the Burj Dubai – World's Tallest Building", "Clients & Projects – Burj Khalifa, the Tallest Building in the World", "Effects of curing temperature on concrete: shrinkage cracks and spalling concrete", "Burj Dubai: Unimix sets record for concrete pumping", "Burj Dubai surpasses KVLY-TV mast to become the world's tallest man-made structure", "Emaar increases height of Burj Dubai; completion in September 2009", "Burj Dubai now a record 688m tall and continues to rise", "Burj Dubai all set for 09/09/09 soft opening", "Burj Dubai exterior done, to open this year", "Burj Dubai offices to top US$4,000 per sq ft", "The Burj Dubai and architecture's vacant stare", "828-metre Burj Dubai renamed Burj Khalifa", "Armani Residences defy 70% Burj Khalifa price drop", "Offices stand empty in tallest tower, the Burj Khalifa", "Emaar Reports 80% Occupancy Levels In Burj Khalifa", "Best Bars in Dubai with Burj Khalifa Views", "Two billion to watch Burj Dubai opening", "World's tallest building: What's it worth to have the Dubai tower – and what should people call it? 4 January 2010: Burj Khalifa's official launch ceremony is held and Burj Khalifa is opened. CTBUH collects data on two major types of tall structures: 'Buildings' and 'Telecommunications / Observation Towers.' The Grand is a 62-storey skyscraper residential project by Emaar Properties. International Architecture Award (Mixed Use) from International Commercial Property Awards. steel, concrete, timber), one on top of the other. The Burj Khalifa ( Arabic: برج خليفة , Arabic pronunciation: [bʊrd͡ʒ xaˈliːfa]; pronounced English: / ˈbɜːrdʒ kəˈliːfə /, literally "Khalifa Tower" in English), known as the Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration in 2010, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. [94] Under UAE law, the contractor and the engineer of record is jointly and severally liable for the performance of Burj Khalifa. Benches and signs incorporate images of Burj Khalifa and the Hymenocallis flower. [32] Marshall Strabala, a Skidmore, Owings and Merrill architect who worked on the project until 2006, said in late 2008 that Burj Khalifa was designed to be 808 m (2,651 ft) tall. This was reported in a Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat study, which notes that the empty spire "could be a skyscraper on its own". [46], The cladding system consists of 142,000 m2 (1,528,000 sq ft) of more than 26,000 reflective glass panels and aluminium and textured stainless steel spandrel panels with vertical tubular fins. The building officially opened on 4 January 2010[11][12] and is part of the 2 km2 (490-acre) Downtown Dubai development at the 'First Interchange' along Sheikh Zayed Road, near Dubai's main business district. The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of Country, and thus uses the lists and codes established by that organization. [80], Burj Khalifa is surrounded by an 11 ha (27-acre) park designed by landscape architects SWA Group. Putzmeister created a new, super high-pressure trailer concrete pump, the BSA 14000 SHP-D, for this project. According to officials, it was necessary for projects like Burj Khalifa to be built in order to garner more international recognition, and hence investment. [6] The structure also features a cladding system which is designed to withstand Dubai's hot summer temperatures. Take a look through our photo library, read reviews from real guests and book now with our Price Guarantee. Review our. A 304-room Armani Hotel, the first of four by Armani, occupies 15 of the lower 39 floors. Take a look through our photo library, read reviews from real guests, and book now with our Price Guarantee. [41] Hyder Consulting's role was to supervise construction, certify the architect's design, and be the engineer and architect of record to the UAE authorities. A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions (or uses), where each of the functions occupy a significant proportion of the tower's total space. He fell 39 floors, landing on a deck on the 108th floor. At 452 m (1,483 ft), it was the highest outdoor observation deck in the world when it opened. Download PDF Overview Note: As this project is under construction, the data is based on the most reliable information currently available. Tallest existing structure: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously, Tallest structure ever built: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously, Tallest freestanding structure: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously, Tallest skyscraper to top of antenna: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously the, Building with most floors: 163 (previously, World's longest travel distance elevators: 504 m (1,654 ft). [44] This 244-metre spire is widely considered vanity height, since very little of its space is usable. On 8 January 2010, with permission of the authorities, Nasr Al Niyadi and Omar Al Hegelan, from the Emirates Aviation Society, broke the world record for the highest BASE jump from a building after they leapt from a crane-suspended platform attached to the 160th floor at 672 m (2,205 ft). Note: As this project is under construction, the data is based on the most reliable information currently available. [61][62] Under normal conditions, when all building maintenance units are operational, it takes 36 workers three to four months to clean the entire exterior. The current legal building name. The building was originally named Burj Dubai but was renamed in honour of the ruler of Abu Dhabi and president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan;[5] Abu Dhabi and the UAE government lent Dubai money to pay its debts. [111] Press reports indicated in 2006 that skilled carpenters at the site earned £4.34 a day, and labourers earned £2.84. [81] Like the tower, the park's design was based on the flower of the Hymenocallis, a desert plant. Fields with a red asterisk (*) next to them are An outdoor zero-entry swimming pool is located on the 76th floor of the tower. [95] The remaining structure above was constructed of lighter steel. [134][135] On 17 June 2008, there were about 7,500 skilled workers employed at the construction site. For example, a steel/concrete indicates a steel structural system located on top of a concrete structural system, with the opposite true of concrete/steel. The sky lobbies on the 43rd and 76th floors house swimming pools. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level 4, 14, 24, etc. This has led Dubai clerics to rule that those living above the 80th floor should wait 2 additional minutes to break their Ramadan fast, and those living above the 150th floor, 3 minutes. Any significant cracks could have put the entire project in jeopardy. [35][36] Due to its tubular system, proportionally only half the amount of steel was used in the construction, compared to the Empire State Building. The Burj Khalifa set several world records, including: There are unconfirmed reports of several planned height increases since its inception. This data is thus subject to change until the building has completed and all information can be confirmed and ratified by the CTBUH. 1 October 2009: Emaar announces that the exterior of the building is completed. A 'Telecommunications / Observation Tower' is a structure where less than 50% of the structure's height is occupied by usable floor area. [136][137][138] During construction, only one construction-related death was reported. [52] The corporate suites and offices were also supposed to open from March onwards,[53] yet the hotel and observation deck remained the only parts of the building which were open in April 2010. The primary structure is reinforced concrete. where people can shelter on their long walk down to safety in case of an emergency or fire. The Burj Vista is a twin-tower skyscraper complex in Dubai, United Arab Emirates consisting of a 65-storey tower and 20-storey tower. [40] Hyder was selected for their expertise in structural and MEP (mechanical, electrical and plumbing) engineering. Exactly one year before the opening of Expo 2020 Dubai, Italy has unveiled the final design for its national pavilion, conceived by Italian architecture firms Carlo Ratti Associati (CRA), Italo Rota Building Office, Matteo Gatto & Associati, and F&M Ingegneria. This tower is 285 meters tall which makes it the 23rd tallest building in Dubai and 127th tallest in the world. [35][37] Khan's contributions to the design of tall buildings have had a profound impact on architecture and engineering. Support areas such as car parks and mechanical plant space do not constitute mixed-use functions. [citation needed] Samples were taken from test holes drilled to a depth of 140 metres, finding weak to very weak rock all the way. Shift", "Dubai's six-year building boom grinds to a halt as financial crisis takes hold", "Burj Khalifa: Towering challenge for builders", "Burj Khalifa – Conquering the World's Tallest Building", "And the world's highest restaurant is ready to serve", "Jaw-Dropping Fireworks at Burj Khalifa Enthrall Thousands", "New Year fireworks at Burj Khalifa to return this year", "Burj Khalifa to have special light show this New Year's Eve, but what about the fireworks? [9] Several suicides were reported. ", "Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Leads Process for Art Program at Burj Dubai", "Detail: Burj Khalifa Curtain Wal (Architect Magazine)", "Armani Hotel Burj Dubai, United Arab Emirates", "Worlds first Armani Hotel to open on 18 March 2010 in Dubai", "Burj Dubai's Armani hotel to open on Mar 18", "Armani hotel opens in Dubai's Khalifa tower", "Burj Dubai to welcome residents in Feb 2010", "Burj Dubai To Welcome First Residents From February 2010 Onwards", "Escaping the Dubai Downturn: Voltas's Latest Engineering Feat", "A tall order: Burj Dubai all set to come clean", "So you think your windows are hard to keep clean? The Burj Khalifa (Arabic: برج خليفة, Arabic pronunciation: [bʊrd͡ʒ xaˈliːfa]; pronounced English: /ˈbɜːrdʒ kəˈliːfə/, literally "Khalifa Tower" in English), known as the Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration in 2010, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. A 'Building' is a structure where at least 50% of … [121] By October 2012, Emaar reported that around 80% of the apartments were occupied. [5], The project's completion coincided with the financial crisis of 2007–2008, and with vast overbuilding in the country, leading to high vacancies and foreclosures. Out of 900 apartments in the tower, 825 were still empty at that time. ", "Emiratisation won't work if people don't want to learn", "Blacklist seeks to deter Emirati job aspirants from being fussy", "Building Towers, Cheating Workers Section V.", "Behind the Glamorous Facade of the Burj Khalifa", "Keeping the Burj Dubai site safe for workers", "Daredevils jumped off Burj Dubai undetected", Highest base jump-Nasr Al Niyadi and Omar Al Hegelan sets world record, "Daredevils Jump Off World's Tallest Building", "Fred Fugen and Vincent Reffet took BASE jumping higher than ever before in Dubai", "Burj Khalifa won Best Project of Year at Middle East Architect Awards 2010", "Burj Khalifa Becomes First Recipient of New Tall Building Global Icon Award", "The Wind Engineering of the Burj Dubai Tower", Jumeirah Business Center Towers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Guiyang International Financial Center Tower 1, Nanjing International Youth Cultural Centre Tower 1, Abenobashi Terminal Building Skyscraper (Abeno Harukas), List of architects of supertall buildings, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burj_Khalifa&oldid=1019544638, Articles with dead external links from May 2011, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from September 2018, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Reinforced concrete, steel, and aluminium, Award of Merit for World Voices Sculpture, Burj Khalifa Lobby from. [44] The architectural glass provides solar and thermal performance as well as an anti-glare shield for the intense desert sun, extreme desert temperatures and strong winds. In January 2010, it was planned that Burj Khalifa would receive its first residents from February 2010. In its early planning, Burj Khalifa was intended to be entirely residential.[33]. [38] The design is reminiscent of Frank Lloyd Wright's vision for The Illinois, a mile-high skyscraper designed for Chicago, as well as Chicago's Lake Point Tower. Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the exterior completed five years later in 2009. CTBUH initiatives, including our monthly newsletter. Pressurized, air-conditioned refuge floors are located every 13 floors (in floors G, 13, 26, 39, 52 etc.) "He (Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum) wanted to put Dubai on the map with something really sensational," said Jacqui Josephson, a tourism and VIP delegations executive at Nakheel Properties. [71][72][73] To reduce the daily rush of sightseers, management allows visitors to purchase tickets in advance for a specific date and time, at a 75% discount on tickets purchased on the spot. Height 288 m / 944.9 ft. Floors 71. Burj Khalifa was designed by Adrian Smith, of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, whose firm designed the Willis Tower and One World Trade Center. [101][102][103][104][105], In March 2009, Mohamed Ali Alabbar, chairman of the project's developer, Emaar Properties, said office space pricing at Burj Khalifa reached US$4,000 per sq ft (over US$43,000 per m²) and the Armani Residences, also in Burj Khalifa, sold for US$3,500 per sq ft (over US$37,500 per m²). Located near a metro station. [47], The exterior temperature at the top of the building is thought to be 6 °C (11 °F) cooler than at its base. Corporate offices and suites fill most of the remaining floors, except for the 122nd, 123rd and 124th, where the At.mosphere restaurant, sky lobby and an indoor and outdoor observation deck are located respectively. The contractor and the engineer of record was Hyder Consulting. [13] In May 2008 Putzmeister pumped concrete with more than 21 MPA ultimate compressive strength of gravel to surpass the 600 meters weight of the effective area of each column from the foundation to the next fourth level, and the rest was by metal columns jacketed or covered with concrete to a then world record delivery height of 606 m (1,988 ft),[23] the 156th floor. In May 2008, Hervé Le Gallou and David McDonnell, dressed as engineers, entered Burj Khalifa (around 650 metres (2,130 ft) at the time), and jumped off a balcony situated several floors below the 160th floor. [132] According to a BBC investigation and a Human Rights Watch report, the workers were housed in abysmal conditions, and worked long hours for low pay. A single-function tall building is defined as one where 85% or more of its usable floor area is dedicated to a single usage. The two men descended the vertical drop at a speed of up to 220 km/h (140 mph), with enough time to open their parachutes 10 seconds into the 90-second jump. [91] Hong Kong-based Far East Aluminum combined to provide the exterior cladding for Burj Khalifa.[92][93]. [83] WET Enterprises, who also developed the Dubai Fountain, developed the park's six water features. [11][12], The tower was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM), which also designed the Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower) in Chicago and the One World Trade Center in New York City. The primary structure is reinforced concrete. [89][90] Turner was the project manager on the main construction contract. [56] The building has 2,909 stairs from the ground floor to the 160th floor. All content displayed on and contained within this page is subject to Skyscraper Source Media Inc.'s Terms and Conditions. Excellence in Structural Engineering: Most Innovative Structure from SEAOI. It is designed to be the centrepiece of large-scale, mixed-use development. Hyder Consulting was chosen to be the supervising engineer with NORR Group Consultants International Limited chosen to supervise the architecture of the project. Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from steel. Only 'Buildings' are eligible for the CTBUH 'Tallest Buildings' lists. [119][120] However, over the next two and a half years, overseas investors steadily began to purchase the available apartments and office space. [19], Over 45,000 m3 (58,900 cu yd) of concrete, weighing more than 110,000 tonnes (120,000 short tons; 110,000 long tons) were used to construct the concrete and steel foundation, which features 192 piles; each pile is 1.5 metre in diameter by 43 m in length, buried more than 50 m (164 ft) deep. View a detailed profile of the structure 1228734 including further data and descriptions in the Emporis database. Precast Concrete In June 2010, Burj Khalifa was the recipient of the 2010 "Best Tall Building Middle East & Africa" award by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Of its usable floor area is dedicated to skyscrapers, prime parking spots at the construction site above... 116 ] He estimated the total number of apartments refers to the total number of residential units ( including rental! Planned height increases since its inception NORR was also responsible for the structural analysis of the Burj uses... 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